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#+title: 快速入门 Org Mode
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#+author: 谢骐 <https://github.com/shynur>
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(由于 GitHub 对 Org 的支持不完整, 你可以在 Emacs 或 VS Code 中阅读本文件, \\
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更好的做法是[[https://shynur.github.io/CheatSheets/Org.html][阅读导出的 HTML 版本]].)
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* 关于文档自身
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允许在文件的 *最开头* 添加附属信息:
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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,#+title: 标题 (比一级标题还要高一级)
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,#+author: 作者
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,#+date: 年年年年-月-日
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正文 ... ...
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#+END_SRC
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** 键位
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| 导出 | =C-c C-e= |
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| 折叠标题 | =<tab>= |
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* 结构化文本
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** 标题层次
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顶格写 ‘=*=’ , 并续上至少 *1 个空格*, 表示一级标题.
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星号 (=*=) 的数量代表标题的级数.
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二级标题从属一级标题, 以此类推.
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** 列表
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*** 列表序号
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有序列表用 =+=/=-=, 无序列表用 =1.=/=A.=, 可以嵌套:
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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A. 植物
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+ 水果
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1. 桃子
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+ 谷物
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- 大米
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B. 动物
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#+END_SRC
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*** 给列表打标
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可以给列表的表项添加 /勾选框/ (=[ ]=), 也可以加 /tag/:
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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- [ ] 买橘子
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- 作业 :: 写数学作业
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- [ ] 锻炼 :: 跑步
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#+END_SRC
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这样的列表提供了 *交互式* 操作, 见 [[任务清单]].
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* 排版
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** 标记法
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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/斜体/ *粗体* +删除线+ _下划线_ 强制换行 \\
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~代码~ =不是代码但需要等宽=
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/*+_~组合~_+*/
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S_{c} = \pi{}r_c^2
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#+END_SRC
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效果如下[fn:: 当我说 ‘/效果如下/’ 时, 指的是 *导出后* 的效果, 比如, 用 =C-c C-e h o= 导出成 ~HTML~.]:
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/斜体/ *粗体* +删除线+ _下划线_ 强制换行 \\
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~代码~ =不是代码但需要等宽=
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/*+_~组合~_+*/
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S_{c} = \pi{}r_c^2
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*** 注意事项
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内联标记时, 大部分情况下标记的两端必须保留 /空白字符/.
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例如, =‘~code~’= 中的 =code= 就不能正常渲染.
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常见的做法是在 =‘这里~code~这里’= 添加零宽字符.
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比如, 在你的 Org 文件的 *最尾端* 写下:
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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正文 ... ...
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# Local Variables:
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# eval: (keymap-local-set "<f9>"
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# "\N{ZERO WIDTH SPACE}")
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# End:
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#+END_SRC
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当你的 Emacs 打开该文件时, 按下 =<f9>= 即输入 ‘零宽字符’.
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** 链接
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: [[类型:定位][描述]]
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其中, =[描述]= 是可选的.
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*** 内部链接 :linked:内部链接:
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省略掉 =类型:=, =定位= 填入同一个文件的某个标题.
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例如, =[[内部链接]]= 指向 [[内部链接]] (也就是本小节).
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*** 外部链接
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+ =http=/=https= \\
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: [[https://github.com/shynur][本文的作者]]
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[[https://github.com/shynur][本文的作者]]
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+ =file= 本地文件 \\
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: [[file:./][当前目录]]
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[[file:./][当前目录]]
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**** 图片链接
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Org 会根据后缀自动识别图片.
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若 图片 就位于你的 *本地机器* 上, 则在 Emacs 中键入 =C-c C-x C-v= 即时渲染.
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** 块文本
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使用 =#+BEGIN_XXX= 和 =#+END_XXX= (无所谓大小写, 但大写显然更直观) 包裹文本, 赋予其特殊含义.
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如果块中文本在行首出现了 =*= 或 =#+=, 则 /额外/ 添加一个 =,=.
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下面是 [[https://github.com/shynur/.emacs.d/tree/main/etc/yas-snippets/org-mode/BEGIN-END-block.yasnippet][我写的补全模板]]:
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#+ATTR_HTML: :alt 如果看到了这句话, 说明图片失效了 (那么请到 <https://github.com/shynur/.emacs.d/issues/1> 查看), 或者你的网络环境有问题.
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 400px
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[[https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/98227472/260117711-02936942-76fe-4ee5-a5c9-e60ced038e73.gif]]
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*** 等宽块
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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,#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
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ABCdef<>/;"
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,#+END_EXAMPLE
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#+END_SRC
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效果如下:
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#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
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ABCdef<>/;"
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#+END_EXAMPLE
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*** 代码块
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等宽块仅仅是为了等宽, 而 /代码块/ 允许你 *在 Org 文件中运行代码* (见 [[文字编程]]).
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这一节仅展示语法.
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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,#+BEGIN_SRC bash
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ls
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,#+END_SRC
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#+END_SRC
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通过指定编程语言 (此例中是 ~Bash~), Org 会调用不同的程序 (编译并) 执行这段代码, 并且 (如果你有相关插件的话, 还会在导出时) 对其选择不同的高亮方案.
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**** 单行代码
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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# 任意数量的额外的缩进
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: assume cs:code, ss:stack
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#+END_SRC
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效果如下 (没有高亮):
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: assume cs:code, ss:stack
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**** 代码块行号
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: #+BEGIN_SRC Language -n 第一行的行号 (缺省为 1)
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: #+BEGIN_SRC Language +n 第一行的行号比上一个代码块最后一行的行号多的数值 (缺省为 1)
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*** 诗句块
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保留 *缩进* 与 *换行*.
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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,#+BEGIN_VERSE
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我的前面有五个空格
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这边只有两个
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---佚名
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,#+END_VERSE
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#+END_SRC
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效果如下:
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#+BEGIN_VERSE
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我的前面有五个空格
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这边只有两个
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---佚名
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#+END_VERSE
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*** 引用块
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使用 ~#+BEGIN_QUOTE~.
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*** 居中块
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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,#+BEGIN_CENTER
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Thank you, \\
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shynur
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<one.last.kiss@outlook.com>. \\
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August 12, 2023
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,#+END_CENTER
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#+END_SRC
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效果如下:
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#+BEGIN_CENTER
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Thank you, \\
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shynur <one.last.kiss@outlook.com>. \\
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August 12, 2023
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#+END_CENTER
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** 表格
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*** 不带字段的表格
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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| 我是 | 一个 | 只由 |
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| 两行 | 组成的 | 表格 |
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#+END_SRC
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效果如下:
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| 我是 | 一个 | 只由 |
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| 两行 | 组成的 | 表格 |
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*** 带字段的表格
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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| 年龄 | 职业 | ID |
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|------+------+--------+
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| 24 | 学生 | 114514 |
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#+END_SRC
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效果如下:
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| 年龄 | 职业 | ID |
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|------+------+--------+
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| 24 | 学生 | 114514 |
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* LaTeX
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* 交互
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** 任务清单 :linked:给列表打标:
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在 *标题* 前加上 =TODO= 关键字,
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可选地加上优先级 =[#字母]=, 可选地在末尾加上 =[%]=:
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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,*** TODO [#B] 示例 [%]
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- [ ] TAG1 :: 未完成
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- [-] 正在进行中
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- [ ] TAG1 :: 等会完成
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#+END_SRC
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在 Emacs 中, 将光标置于第三个任务中, 键入 =C-c C-c= 将会勾选 =[X]= 并更新任务进度,
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见 [[任务清单示例]].
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*** TODO [#B] 任务清单示例 [33%] :linked:任务清单:
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- [ ] TAG1 :: 未完成
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- [-] 正在进行中
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- [X] TAG1 :: 等会完成
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全部完成后, =TODO= 关键字会变成 =DONE=.
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** 文字编程 :linked:代码块:
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* 注解
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** 脚注
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*** 具名脚注
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: 那个人发明了 C++[fn:OOP: 这是一种面向对象的编程语言.].
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效果如下:
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那个人发明了 C++[fn:OOP: 这是一种面向对象的编程语言.].
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*** 引用脚注
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: 那个人发明了 Python[fn:OOP].
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效果如下:
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那个人发明了 Python[fn:OOP].
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*** 匿名脚注
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: 我[fn:: 菜鸡]不喜欢 Bash.
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效果如下:
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我[fn:: 菜鸡]不喜欢 Bash.
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** 注释
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*** 单行注释
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顶格写 =#一个空格=:
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: # 这是注释.
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# 这真的是注释.
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*** 内联注释
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: 你@@comment:这是注释@@好!
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@@comment:这是注释@@
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*** 块注释
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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,#+BEGIN_COMMENT
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这里是注释.
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这里也是!
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,#+END_COMMENT
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#+END_SRC
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#+BEGIN_COMMENT
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这里是真的注释.
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这里也是!
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#+END_COMMENT
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*** 结构化注释
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#+BEGIN_SRC org
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,* 大标题
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,** COMMENT 大批注
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,*** 小批注
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批注...
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,** 小标题
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#+END_SRC
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**** COMMENT 批注
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***** 子批注
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批注 ... ...
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* 下一步
|
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** 支持 Org Mode 的软件
|
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*** 编写 Org 文件
|
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+ Vim
|
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- =org.vim=
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- =vim-orgmode=
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- =orgmode.nvim=
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+ Visual Studio Code
|
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- =vscode-org-mode=
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+ Atom
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- =org-mode=
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*** 格式转换
|
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**** 导入导出
|
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+ Pandoc
|
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+ Drupal converter
|
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+ ox-hugo
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+ ox-*
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+ VimWiki
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+ Exchange calendars
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**** 发布博客
|
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+ Hugo
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+ Org-Jekyll
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+ o-blog
|
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+ Org2Blog
|
|
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** 更多资料
|
|
|
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+ [[https://orgmode.org/guide/][Org Mode Compact Guide]]
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+ [[https://orgmode.org/quickstart.html][Getting started with Org-mode]]
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+ [[https://orgmode.org/manual/Markup-for-Rich-Contents.html][Markup for Rich Contents]]
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-----
|
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# Local Variables:
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# coding: utf-8-unix
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# End:
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Shynur
1 year ago