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## git-tips
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> git小贴士:git常用命令集合(git的'奇技淫巧'?😱)
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## 所有人看过来
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1. Fork于[tips](https://github.com/git-tips/tips)项目
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2. **一定要先测试命令的效果后**,再用于工作环境中,以防造成不能弥补的后果!**到时候别拿着砍刀来找我**
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3. 所有的命令都在`git version 2.7.4 (Apple Git-66)`下测试通过
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---
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* [Everyday Git in twenty commands or so](#everyday-git-in-twenty-commands-or-so)
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## 统一概念
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1. 工作区:改动(增删文件和文本)
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2. 暂存区:输入命令:`git add 改动的文件名`,此次改动就放到了‘暂存区’
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3. 本地仓库:输入命令:`git commit 此次修改的描述`,此次改动就放到了’本地仓库’,每个commit,我叫它为一个‘版本’
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4. 远程仓库:输入命令:`git push 远程仓库`,此次改动就放到了‘远程仓库’(github等)
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5. commit-id:
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## 展示帮助信息
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```sh
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git help -g
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```
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## 回到远程仓库的状态
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抛弃本地仓库的所有版本(commit),回到远程仓库的状态。
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```sh
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git fetch --all && git reset --hard origin/master
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```
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## 重设第一个commit
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也就是把所有的改动都重新放回工作区,并**清空所有的commit**,这样就可以重新提交第一个commit了
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```sh
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git update-ref -d HEAD
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```
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## 展示工作区和最近版本的不同
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输出**工作区**和本地中最近的版本(commit)的different(不同)。
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```sh
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git diff
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```
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## 展示暂存区和最近版本的不同
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输出**暂存区**和本地最近的版本(commit)的different(不同)。
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```sh
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git diff --cached
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```
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## 展示暂存区、工作区和最近版本的不同
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输出**工作区**、**暂存区** 和本地最近的版本(commit)的different(不同)。
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```sh
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git diff HEAD
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```
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## 快速切换分支
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```sh
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git checkout -
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```
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## 删除已经合并到master的分支
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```sh
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git branch --merged master | grep -v '^\*\| master' | xargs -n 1 git branch -d
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```
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## 展示所有的分支关联的远程仓库
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```sh
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git branch -vv
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```
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## 关联远程分支
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关联之后,`git branch -vv`就可以展示关联的远程分支名了,同时推送到远程仓库直接:`git push`,不需要指定远程仓库了。
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```sh
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git branch -u origin/mybranch
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```
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## 删除本地分支
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```sh
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git branch -d <local_branchname>
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```
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## 删除远程分支
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```sh
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git push origin --delete <remote_branchname>
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```
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或者
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```sh
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git push origin :<remote_branchname>
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```
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## 删除本地标签(tag)
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```sh
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git tag -d <tag-name>
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```
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## 删除远程标签(tag)
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```sh
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git push origin :refs/tags/<tag-name>
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```
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## 放弃工作区的修改
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```sh
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git checkout <file_name>
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```
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放弃所有修改:
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```sh
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git checkout .
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```
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## 回到某一个commit的状态,并重新增添一个commit
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```sh
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git revert <commit-id>
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```
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## 回到某个commit的状态,并删除后面的commit
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和revert的区别:reset命令会抹去某个commit id之后的所有commit
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```sh
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git reset <commit-id>
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```
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## 修改上一个commit的描述
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```sh
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git commit --amend
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```
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## 查看commit历史
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```sh
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git log
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```
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## 显示本地执行过git命令
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就像shell的history一样
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```
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git reflog
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```
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## 修改作者名
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```sh
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git commit --amend --author='Author Name <email@address.com>'
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```
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## 修改远程仓库的url
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```sh
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git remote set-url origin <URL>
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```
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## 列出所有远程仓库
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```sh
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git remote
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```
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## 列出本地和远程分支
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-a参数相当于:all
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```sh
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git branch -a
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```
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## 列出远程分支
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-r参数相当于:remote
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```sh
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git branch -r
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```
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## 查看两个星期内的改动
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```sh
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git whatchanged --since='2 weeks ago'
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```
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## 把A分支的某一个commit,放到B分支上
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这个过程需要`cherry-pick`命令,[参考](http://sg552.iteye.com/blog/1300713#bc2367928)
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```sh
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git checkout <branch-name> && git cherry-pick <commit-id>
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```
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## 给git命令起别名
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简化命令
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```sh
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git config --global alias.<handle> <command>
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比如:git status 改成 git st,这样可以简化命令
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git config --global alias.st status
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```
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## 存储当前的修改,但不用提交commit
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详解可以参考[廖雪峰老师的git教程](http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000/00137602359178794d966923e5c4134bc8bf98dfb03aea3000)
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```sh
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git stash
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```
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## 保存当前状态,包括untracked的文件
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untracked文件:新建的文件
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|
```sh
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git stash -u
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```
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## 展示所有stashes
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|
```sh
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git stash list
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```
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## 回到某个stash的状态
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|
```sh
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git stash apply <stash@{n}>
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```
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## 回到最后一个stash的状态,并删除这个stash
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```sh
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git stash pop
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```
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## 删除所有的stash
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|
```sh
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git stash clear
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```
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|
|
## 从stash中拿出某个文件的修改
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|
|
```sh
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git checkout <stash@{n}> -- <file_path>
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|
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```
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|
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|
|
## 展示所有tracked的文件
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|
|
```sh
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git ls-files -t
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|
|
```
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|
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|
|
|
## 展示所有untracked的文件
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|
|
|
```sh
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git ls-files --others
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|
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```
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|
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|
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## 展示所有忽略的文件
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|
|
```sh
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git ls-files --others -i --exclude-standard
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|
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```
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## 强制删除untracked的文件
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|
|
可以用来删除新建的文件。如果不指定文件文件名,则清空所有工作的untracked文件。`clean`命令,**注意两点**:
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1. clean后,删除的文件无法找回
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2. 不会影响tracked的文件的改动,只会删除untracked的文件
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|
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|
```sh
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git clean <file_name> -f
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```
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## 强制删除untracked的目录
|
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|
|
|
可以用来删除新建的目录,**注意**:这个命令也可以用来删除untracked的文件。详情见上一条
|
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|
|
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|
|
```sh
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git clean <directory_name> -df
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```
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## 重命名分支
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|
|
```sh
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git branch -m <new-branch-name>
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```
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|
|
## 展示简化的commit历史
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|
|
```sh
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git log --pretty=oneline --graph --decorate --all
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|
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```
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 把某一个分支到导出成一个文件
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
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|
|
git bundle create <file> <branch-name>
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|
|
```
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
## 从包中导入分支
|
|
|
|
|
新建一个分支,分支内容就是上面`git bundle create`命令导出的内容
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|
|
|
|
```sh
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|
|
git clone repo.bundle <repo-dir> -b <branch-name>
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|
|
```
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 执行rebase之前自动stash
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
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|
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|
|
git rebase --autostash
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|
|
|
|
```
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 从远程仓库根据ID,拉下某一状态,到本地分支
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
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|
|
|
|
git fetch origin pull/<id>/head:<branch-name>
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|
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|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 展示当前分支的最近的tag
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
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|
|
|
|
git describe --tags --abbrev=0
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|
|
|
|
```
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 详细展示一行中的修改
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
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|
|
|
|
git diff --word-diff
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|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 清除`.gitignore`文件中记录的文件
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
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|
|
|
|
git clean -X -f
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|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 展示所有alias和configs.
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git config --list
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|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 展示忽略的文件
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
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|
|
|
|
git status --ignored
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|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## commit历史中显示Branch1有的,但是Branch2没有commit
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git log Branch1 ^Branch2
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|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 在commit log中显示GPG签名
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git log --show-signature
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 删除全局设置
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git config --global --unset <entry-name>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 新建并切换到新分支上,同时这个分支没有任何commit
|
|
|
|
|
相当于保存修改,但是重写commit历史
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git checkout --orphan <branch_name>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 展示任意分支某一文件的内容
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git show <branch_name>:<file_name>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## clone下来指定的单一分支
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git clone -b <branch-name> --single-branch https://github.com/user/repo.git
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|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 创建并切换到该分支
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
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|
|
git checkout -b <branch-name>
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|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 关闭Ignore文件的功能
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git config core.fileMode false
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|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 展示本地所有的分支的commit
|
|
|
|
|
最新的放在最上面
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git for-each-ref --sort=-committerdate --format='%(refname:short)' refs/heads/
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 在commit log中查找相关内容Search Commit log across all branches for given text
|
|
|
|
|
通过grep查找,given-text:所需要查找的字段
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git log --all --grep='<given-text>'
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 把暂存区的指定file放到工作区中
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git reset <file-name>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 强制推送
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git push -f <remote-name> <branch-name>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 增加远程仓库
|
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
|
|
|
git remote add origin <remote-url>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 联系我
|
|
|
|
|
- 博客园:[削微寒](http://www.cnblogs.com/xueweihan/)
|
|
|
|
|
- 邮箱:<a href="mailto:595666367@qq.com">发邮件给我</a>
|
|
|
|
|
- 或者直接提Pr,Issues
|