From 9def7b6bfe569daa605769589fd93988a0d49719 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xueweihan <595666367@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Jul 2016 20:17:53 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?fork=20tips=E9=A1=B9=E7=9B=AE;init=20git-tips?=
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+## git-tips
+> git小贴士：git常用命令集合（git的'奇技淫巧'？😱）
+
+## 所有人看过来
+1. Fork于[tips](https://github.com/git-tips/tips)项目
+
+2. **一定要先测试命令的效果后，再用于工作环境中，以防造成不能弥补的后果！**
+
+3. 所有的命令都在`git version 2.7.4 (Apple Git-66)`下测试通过（安全可食用😊）
+
+---
+
+* [Everyday Git in twenty commands or so](#everyday-git-in-twenty-commands-or-so)
+* [Show helpful guides that come with Git](#show-helpful-guides-that-come-with-git)
+* [Overwrite pull](#overwrite-pull)
+* [List of all files till a commit](#list-of-all-files-till-a-commit)
+* [Git reset first commit](#git-reset-first-commit)
+* [List all the conflicted files](#list-all-the-conflicted-files)
+* [List of all files changed in a commit](#list-of-all-files-changed-in-a-commit)
+* [Unstaged changes since last commit](#unstaged-changes-since-last-commit)
+* [Changes staged for commit](#changes-staged-for-commit)
+* [Show both staged and unstaged changes](#show-both-staged-and-unstaged-changes)
+* [List all branches that are already merged into master](#list-all-branches-that-are-already-merged-into-master)
+* [Quickly switch to the previous branch](#quickly-switch-to-the-previous-branch)
+* [Remove branches that have already been merged with master](#remove-branches-that-have-already-been-merged-with-master)
+* [List all branches and their upstreams, as well as last commit on branch](#list-all-branches-and-their-upstreams-as-well-as-last-commit-on-branch)
+* [Track upstream branch](#track-upstream-branch)
+* [Delete local branch](#delete-local-branch)
+* [Delete remote branch](#delete-remote-branch)
+* [Delete local tag](#delete-local-tag)
+* [Delete remote tag](#delete-remote-tag)
+* [Undo local changes with the last content in head](#undo-local-changes-with-the-last-content-in-head)
+* [Revert: Undo a commit by creating a new commit](#revert-undo-a-commit-by-creating-a-new-commit)
+* [Reset: Discard commits, advised for private branch](#reset-discard-commits-advised-for-private-branch)
+* [Reword the previous commit message](#reword-the-previous-commit-message)
+* [See commit history for just the current branch](#see-commit-history-for-just-the-current-branch)
+* [Amend author.](#amend-author)
+* [Reset author, after author has been changed in the global config.](#reset-author-after-author-has-been-changed-in-the-global-config)
+* [Changing a remote's URL](#changing-a-remotes-url)
+* [Get list of all remote references](#get-list-of-all-remote-references)
+* [Get list of all local and remote branches](#get-list-of-all-local-and-remote-branches)
+* [Get only remote branches](#get-only-remote-branches)
+* [Stage parts of a changed file, instead of the entire file](#stage-parts-of-a-changed-file-instead-of-the-entire-file)
+* [Get git bash completion](#get-git-bash-completion)
+* [What changed since two weeks?](#what-changed-since-two-weeks)
+* [See all commits made since forking from master](#see-all-commits-made-since-forking-from-master)
+* [Pick commits across branches using cherry-pick](#pick-commits-across-branches-using-cherry-pick)
+* [Find out branches containing commit-hash](#find-out-branches-containing-commit-hash)
+* [Git Aliases](#git-aliases)
+* [Saving current state of tracked files without commiting](#saving-current-state-of-tracked-files-without-commiting)
+* [Saving current state including untracked files](#saving-current-state-including-untracked-files)
+* [Show list of all saved stashes](#show-list-of-all-saved-stashes)
+* [Apply any stash without deleting from the stashed list](#apply-any-stash-without-deleting-from-the-stashed-list)
+* [Apply last stashed state and delete it from stashed list](#apply-last-stashed-state-and-delete-it-from-stashed-list)
+* [Delete all stored stashes](#delete-all-stored-stashes)
+* [Grab a single file from a stash](#grab-a-single-file-from-a-stash)
+* [Show all tracked files](#show-all-tracked-files)
+* [Show all untracked files](#show-all-untracked-files)
+* [Show all ignored files](#show-all-ignored-files)
+* [Create new working tree from a repository (git 2.5)](#create-new-working-tree-from-a-repository-git-25)
+* [Create new working tree from HEAD state](#create-new-working-tree-from-head-state)
+* [Untrack files without deleting](#untrack-files-without-deleting)
+* [Before deleting untracked files/directory, do a dry run to get the list of these files/directories](#before-deleting-untracked-filesdirectory-do-a-dry-run-to-get-the-list-of-these-filesdirectories)
+* [Forcefully remove untracked files](#forcefully-remove-untracked-files)
+* [Forcefully remove untracked directory](#forcefully-remove-untracked-directory)
+* [Update all the submodules](#update-all-the-submodules)
+* [Show all commits in the current branch yet to be merged to master](#show-all-commits-in-the-current-branch-yet-to-be-merged-to-master)
+* [Rename a branch](#rename-a-branch)
+* [rebases 'feature' to 'master' and merges it in to master ](#rebases-feature-to-master-and-merges-it-in-to-master)
+* [Archive the `master` branch](#archive-the-master-branch)
+* [Modify previous commit without modifying the commit message](#modify-previous-commit-without-modifying-the-commit-message)
+* [Prunes references to remote branches that have been deleted in the remote.](#prunes-references-to-remote-branches-that-have-been-deleted-in-the-remote)
+* [Retrieve the commit hash of the initial revision.](#retrieve-the-commit-hash-of-the-initial-revision)
+* [Visualize the version tree.](#visualize-the-version-tree)
+* [Deploying git tracked subfolder to gh-pages](#deploying-git-tracked-subfolder-to-gh-pages)
+* [Adding a project to repo using subtree](#adding-a-project-to-repo-using-subtree)
+* [Get latest changes in your repo for a linked project using subtree](#get-latest-changes-in-your-repo-for-a-linked-project-using-subtree)
+* [Export a branch with history to a file.](#export-a-branch-with-history-to-a-file)
+* [Import from a bundle](#import-from-a-bundle)
+* [Get the name of current branch.](#get-the-name-of-current-branch)
+* [Ignore one file on commit (e.g. Changelog).](#ignore-one-file-on-commit-eg-changelog)
+* [Stash changes before rebasing](#stash-changes-before-rebasing)
+* [Fetch pull request by ID to a local branch](#fetch-pull-request-by-id-to-a-local-branch)
+* [Show the most recent tag on the current branch.](#show-the-most-recent-tag-on-the-current-branch)
+* [Show inline word diff.](#show-inline-word-diff)
+* [Don’t consider changes for tracked file.](#dont-consider-changes-for-tracked-file)
+* [Undo assume-unchanged.](#undo-assume-unchanged)
+* [Clean the files from `.gitignore`.](#clean-the-files-from-gitignore)
+* [Restore deleted file.](#restore-deleted-file)
+* [Restore file to a specific commit-hash](#restore-file-to-a-specific-commit-hash)
+* [Always rebase instead of merge on pull.](#always-rebase-instead-of-merge-on-pull)
+* [List all the alias and configs.](#list-all-the-alias-and-configs)
+* [Make git case sensitive.](#make-git-case-sensitive)
+* [Add custom editors.](#add-custom-editors)
+* [Auto correct typos.](#auto-correct-typos)
+* [Check if the change was a part of a release.](#check-if-the-change-was-a-part-of-a-release)
+* [Dry run. (any command that supports dry-run flag should do.)](#dry-run-any-command-that-supports-dry-run-flag-should-do)
+* [Marks your commit as a fix of a previous commit.](#marks-your-commit-as-a-fix-of-a-previous-commit)
+* [squash fixup commits normal commits.](#squash-fixup-commits-normal-commits)
+* [skip staging area during commit.](#skip-staging-area-during-commit)
+* [Interactive staging.](#interactive-staging)
+* [List ignored files.](#list-ignored-files)
+* [Status of ignored files.](#status-of-ignored-files)
+* [Commits in Branch1 that are not in Branch2](#commits-in-branch1-that-are-not-in-branch2)
+* [reuse recorded resolution, record and reuse previous conflicts resolutions.](#reuse-recorded-resolution-record-and-reuse-previous-conflicts-resolutions)
+* [Open all conflicted files in an editor.](#open-all-conflicted-files-in-an-editor)
+* [Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.](#count-unpacked-number-of-objects-and-their-disk-consumption)
+* [Prune all unreachable objects from the object database.](#prune-all-unreachable-objects-from-the-object-database)
+* [Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb.](#instantly-browse-your-working-repository-in-gitweb)
+* [View the GPG signatures in the commit log](#view-the-gpg-signatures-in-the-commit-log)
+* [Remove entry in the global config.](#remove-entry-in-the-global-config)
+* [Checkout a new branch without any history](#checkout-a-new-branch-without-any-history)
+* [Extract file from another branch.](#extract-file-from-another-branch)
+* [List only the root and merge commits.](#list-only-the-root-and-merge-commits)
+* [Change previous two commits with an interactive rebase.](#change-previous-two-commits-with-an-interactive-rebase)
+* [List all branch is WIP](#list-all-branch-is-wip)
+* [Find guilty with binary search](#find-guilty-with-binary-search)
+* [Bypass pre-commit and commit-msg githooks](#bypass-pre-commit-and-commit-msg-githooks)
+* [List commits and changes to a specific file (even through renaming)](#list-commits-and-changes-to-a-specific-file-even-through-renaming)
+* [Clone a single branch](#clone-a-single-branch)
+* [Create and switch new branch](#create-and-switch-new-branch)
+* [Ignore file mode changes on commits](#ignore-file-mode-changes-on-commits)
+* [Turn off git colored terminal output](#turn-off-git-colored-terminal-output)
+* [specific color settings](#specific-color-settings)
+* [Show all local branches ordered by recent commits](#show-all-local-branches-ordered-by-recent-commits)
+* [Find lines matching the pattern (regex or string) in tracked files](#find-lines-matching-the-pattern-regex-or-string-in-tracked-files)
+* [Clone a shallow copy of a repository](#clone-a-shallow-copy-of-a-repository)
+* [Search Commit log across all branches for given text](#search-commit-log-across-all-branches-for-given-text)
+* [Get first commit in a branch (from master)](#get-first-commit-in-a-branch-from-master)
+* [Unstaging Staged file](#unstaging-staged-file)
+* [Force push to Remote Repository](#force-push-to-remote-repository)
+* [Adding Remote name](#adding-remote-name)
+
+
+## 统一概念
+1. 工作区：改动（增删文件和文本）
+2. 暂存区：输入命令：`git add 改动的文件名`，此次改动就放到了‘暂存区’
+3. 本地仓库：输入命令：`git commit 此次修改的描述`，此次改动就放到了’本地仓库’，每个commit，我叫它为一个‘版本’
+4. 远程仓库：输入命令：`git push 远程仓库`，此次改动就放到了‘远程仓库’（github等)
+
+## Everyday Git in twenty commands or so
+```sh
+git help everyday
+```
+
+## Show helpful guides that come with Git
+```sh
+git help -g
+```
+
+## 回到远程仓库的状态
+抛弃本地仓库的所有版本(commit)，回到远程仓库的状态。  
+```sh
+git fetch --all && git reset --hard origin/master
+```
+
+## 重设第一个commit
+也就是把所有的改动都重新放回工作区，并**清空所有的commit**，这样就可以重新提交第一个commit了
+```sh
+git update-ref -d HEAD
+```
+
+## 展示工作区和最近版本的不同
+输出**工作区**和本地中最近的版本(commit)的different(不同)。
+```sh
+git diff
+```
+
+## 展示暂存区和最近版本的不同
+输出**暂存区**和本地最近的版本(commit)的different(不同)。
+```sh
+git diff --cached
+```
+
+## 展示暂存区、工作区和最近版本的不同
+输出**工作区**、**暂存区** 和本地最近的版本(commit)的different(不同)。
+```sh
+git diff HEAD
+```
+
+## List all branches that are already merged into master
+```sh
+git branch --merged master
+```
+
+## 快速切换分支
+```sh
+git checkout -
+```
+
+## 删除已经合并到master的分支
+```sh
+git branch --merged master | grep -v '^\*\|  master' | xargs -n 1 git branch -d
+```
+
+## 展示所有的分支关联的远程仓库
+```sh
+git branch -vv
+```
+
+## 关联远程分支
+关联之后，`git branch -vv`就可以展示关联的远程分支名了，同时推送到远程仓库直接：`git push`，不需要指定远程仓库了。
+```sh
+git branch -u origin/mybranch
+```
+
+## 删除本地分支
+```sh
+git branch -d <local_branchname>
+```
+
+## 删除远程分支
+```sh
+git push origin --delete <remote_branchname>
+```
+
+或者  
+```sh
+git push origin :<remote_branchname>
+```
+
+## 删除本地标签(tag)
+```sh
+git tag -d <tag-name>
+```
+
+## 删除远程标签(tag)
+```sh
+git push origin :refs/tags/<tag-name>
+```
+
+## Undo local changes with the last content in head
+```sh
+git checkout -- <file_name>
+```
+
+## Revert: Undo a commit by creating a new commit
+```sh
+git revert <commit-ish>
+```
+
+## Reset: Discard commits, advised for private branch
+```sh
+git reset <commit-ish>
+```
+
+## Reword the previous commit message
+```sh
+git commit -v --amend
+```
+
+## See commit history for just the current branch
+```sh
+git cherry -v master
+```
+
+## Amend author.
+```sh
+git commit --amend --author='Author Name <email@address.com>'
+```
+
+## Reset author, after author has been changed in the global config.
+```sh
+git commit --amend --reset-author --no-edit
+```
+
+## 修改远程仓库的url
+```sh
+git remote set-url origin <URL>
+```
+
+## 列出所有远程仓库
+```sh
+git remote
+```
+
+## 列出本地和远程分支
+-a参数相当于：all
+```sh
+git branch -a
+```
+
+## 列出远程分支
+-r参数相当于：remote
+```sh
+git branch -r
+```
+
+## Stage parts of a changed file, instead of the entire file
+```sh
+git add -p
+```
+
+## Get git bash completion
+```sh
+curl http://git.io/vfhol > ~/.git-completion.bash && echo '[ -f ~/.git-completion.bash ] && . ~/.git-completion.bash' >> ~/.bashrc
+```
+
+## 查看两个星期内的改动
+```sh
+git whatchanged --since='2 weeks ago'
+```
+
+## See all commits made since forking from master
+```sh
+git log --no-merges --stat --reverse master..
+```
+
+## Pick commits across branches using cherry-pick
+```sh
+git checkout <branch-name> && git cherry-pick <commit-ish>
+```
+
+## Find out branches containing commit-hash
+```sh
+git branch -a --contains <commit-ish>
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git branch --contains <commit-ish>
+```
+
+## Git Aliases
+```sh
+git config --global alias.<handle> <command>
+git config --global alias.st status
+```
+
+## Saving current state of tracked files without commiting
+```sh
+git stash
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git stash save
+```
+
+## Saving current state including untracked files
+```sh
+git stash save -u
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git stash save --include-untracked
+```
+
+## Show list of all saved stashes
+```sh
+git stash list
+```
+
+## Apply any stash without deleting from the stashed list
+```sh
+git stash apply <stash@{n}>
+```
+
+## Apply last stashed state and delete it from stashed list
+```sh
+git stash pop
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git stash apply stash@{0} && git stash drop stash@{0}
+```
+
+## Delete all stored stashes
+```sh
+git stash clear
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git stash drop <stash@{n}>
+```
+
+## Grab a single file from a stash
+```sh
+git checkout <stash@{n}> -- <file_path>
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git checkout stash@{0} -- <file_path>
+```
+
+## Show all tracked files
+```sh
+git ls-files -t
+```
+
+## Show all untracked files
+```sh
+git ls-files --others
+```
+
+## Show all ignored files
+```sh
+git ls-files --others -i --exclude-standard
+```
+
+## Create new working tree from a repository (git 2.5)
+```sh
+git worktree add -b <branch-name> <path> <start-point>
+```
+
+## Create new working tree from HEAD state
+```sh
+git worktree add --detach <path> HEAD
+```
+
+## Untrack files without deleting
+```sh
+git rm --cached <file_path>
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git rm --cached -r <directory_path>
+```
+
+## Before deleting untracked files/directory, do a dry run to get the list of these files/directories
+```sh
+git clean -n
+```
+
+## Forcefully remove untracked files
+```sh
+git clean -f
+```
+
+## Forcefully remove untracked directory
+```sh
+git clean -f -d
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git clean -df
+```
+
+## Update all the submodules
+```sh
+git submodule foreach git pull
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git submodule update --init --recursive
+```
+
+
+```sh
+git submodule update --remote
+```
+
+## Show all commits in the current branch yet to be merged to master
+```sh
+git cherry -v master
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git cherry -v master <branch-to-be-merged>
+```
+
+## Rename a branch
+```sh
+git branch -m <new-branch-name>
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git branch -m [<old-branch-name>] <new-branch-name>
+```
+
+## rebases 'feature' to 'master' and merges it in to master
+```sh
+git checkout feature && git rebase @{-1} && git checkout @{-2} && git merge @{-1}
+```
+
+## Archive the `master` branch
+```sh
+git archive master --format=zip --output=master.zip
+```
+
+## Modify previous commit without modifying the commit message
+```sh
+git add --all && git commit --amend --no-edit
+```
+
+## Prunes references to remote branches that have been deleted in the remote.
+```sh
+git fetch -p
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git remote prune origin
+```
+
+## Retrieve the commit hash of the initial revision.
+```sh
+ git rev-list --reverse HEAD | head -1
+```
+
+## Visualize the version tree.
+```sh
+git log --pretty=oneline --graph --decorate --all
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+gitk --all
+```
+
+## Deploying git tracked subfolder to gh-pages
+```sh
+git subtree push --prefix subfolder_name origin gh-pages
+```
+
+## Adding a project to repo using subtree
+```sh
+git subtree add --prefix=<directory_name>/<project_name> --squash git@github.com:<username>/<project_name>.git master
+```
+
+## Get latest changes in your repo for a linked project using subtree
+```sh
+git subtree pull --prefix=<directory_name>/<project_name> --squash git@github.com:<username>/<project_name>.git master
+```
+
+## Export a branch with history to a file.
+```sh
+git bundle create <file> <branch-name>
+```
+
+## Import from a bundle
+```sh
+git clone repo.bundle <repo-dir> -b <branch-name>
+```
+
+## Get the name of current branch.
+```sh
+git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD
+```
+
+## Ignore one file on commit (e.g. Changelog).
+```sh
+git update-index --assume-unchanged Changelog; git commit -a; git update-index --no-assume-unchanged Changelog
+```
+
+## Stash changes before rebasing
+```sh
+git rebase --autostash
+```
+
+## Fetch pull request by ID to a local branch
+```sh
+git fetch origin pull/<id>/head:<branch-name>
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git pull origin pull/<id>/head:<branch-name>
+```
+
+## Show the most recent tag on the current branch.
+```sh
+git describe --tags --abbrev=0
+```
+
+## Show inline word diff.
+```sh
+git diff --word-diff
+```
+
+## Don’t consider changes for tracked file.
+```sh
+git update-index --assume-unchanged <file_name>
+```
+
+## Undo assume-unchanged.
+```sh
+git update-index --no-assume-unchanged <file_name>
+```
+
+## Clean the files from `.gitignore`.
+```sh
+git clean -X -f
+```
+
+## Restore deleted file.
+```sh
+git checkout <deleting_commit>^ -- <file_path>
+```
+
+## Restore file to a specific commit-hash
+```sh
+git checkout <commit-ish> -- <file_path>
+```
+
+## Always rebase instead of merge on pull.
+```sh
+git config --global branch.autosetuprebase always
+```
+
+## List all the alias and configs.
+```sh
+git config --list
+```
+
+## Make git case sensitive.
+```sh
+git config --global core.ignorecase false
+```
+
+## Add custom editors.
+```sh
+git config --global core.editor '$EDITOR'
+```
+
+## Auto correct typos.
+```sh
+git config --global help.autocorrect 1
+```
+
+## Check if the change was a part of a release.
+```sh
+git name-rev --name-only <SHA-1>
+```
+
+## Dry run. (any command that supports dry-run flag should do.)
+```sh
+git clean -fd --dry-run
+```
+
+## Marks your commit as a fix of a previous commit.
+```sh
+git commit --fixup <SHA-1>
+```
+
+## squash fixup commits normal commits.
+```sh
+git rebase -i --autosquash
+```
+
+## skip staging area during commit.
+```sh
+git commit --only <file_path>
+```
+
+## Interactive staging.
+```sh
+git add -i
+```
+
+## 展示忽略的文件
+```sh
+git status --ignored
+```
+
+## commit历史中显示Branch1有的，但是Branch2没有commit
+```sh
+git log Branch1 ^Branch2
+```
+
+## reuse recorded resolution, record and reuse previous conflicts resolutions.
+```sh
+git config --global rerere.enabled 1
+```
+
+## Open all conflicted files in an editor.
+```sh
+git diff --name-only | uniq | xargs $EDITOR
+```
+
+## Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.
+```sh
+git count-objects --human-readable
+```
+
+## Prune all unreachable objects from the object database.
+```sh
+git gc --prune=now --aggressive
+```
+
+## Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb.
+```sh
+git instaweb [--local] [--httpd=<httpd>] [--port=<port>] [--browser=<browser>]
+```
+
+## 在commit log中显示GPG签名
+```sh
+git log --show-signature
+```
+
+## 删除全局设置
+```sh
+git config --global --unset <entry-name>
+```
+
+## 新建并切换到新分支上，同时这个分支没有任何commit
+相当于保存修改，但是重写commit历史  
+```sh
+git checkout --orphan <branch_name>
+```
+
+## Extract file from another branch.
+```sh
+git show <branch_name>:<file_name>
+```
+
+## List only the root and merge commits.
+```sh
+git log --first-parent
+```
+
+## Change previous two commits with an interactive rebase.
+```sh
+git rebase --interactive HEAD~2
+```
+
+## List all branch is WIP
+```sh
+git checkout master && git branch --no-merged
+```
+
+## Find guilty with binary search
+```sh
+git bisect start                    # Search start
+git bisect bad                      # Set point to bad commit
+git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2         # Set point to good commit|tag
+git bisect bad                      # Say current state is bad
+git bisect good                     # Say current state is good
+git bisect reset                    # Finish search
+
+```
+
+## Bypass pre-commit and commit-msg githooks
+```sh
+git commit --no-verify
+```
+
+## List commits and changes to a specific file (even through renaming)
+```sh
+git log --follow -p -- <file_path>
+```
+
+## Clone a single branch
+```sh
+git clone -b <branch-name> --single-branch https://github.com/user/repo.git
+```
+
+## Create and switch new branch
+```sh
+git checkout -b <branch-name>
+```
+
+
+__Alternatives:__
+```sh
+git branch <branch-name> && git checkout <branch-name>
+```
+
+## Ignore file mode changes on commits
+```sh
+git config core.fileMode false
+```
+
+## Turn off git colored terminal output
+```sh
+git config --global color.ui false
+```
+
+## specific color settings
+```sh
+git config --global <specific command e.g branch, diff> <true, false or always>
+```
+
+## Show all local branches ordered by recent commits
+```sh
+git for-each-ref --sort=-committerdate --format='%(refname:short)' refs/heads/
+```
+
+## Find lines matching the pattern (regex or string) in tracked files
+```sh
+git grep --heading --line-number 'foo bar'
+```
+
+## Clone a shallow copy of a repository
+```sh
+git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git --depth 1
+```
+
+## Search Commit log across all branches for given text
+```sh
+git log --all --grep='<given-text>'
+```
+
+## Get first commit in a branch (from master)
+```sh
+git log master..<branch-name> --oneline | tail -1
+```
+
+## 把暂存区的内容放到工作区中
+```sh
+git reset <file-name>
+```
+
+## 强制推送
+```sh
+git push -f <remote-name> <branch-name>
+```
+
+## 增加远程仓库
+```sh
+git remote add origin <remote-url>
+```
+
+
+## 联系我
+- 博客园：[削微寒](http://www.cnblogs.com/xueweihan/)
+- 邮箱：<a href="mailto:595666367@qq.com">发邮件给我</a>
+- 或者直接提Pr，Issues