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/**
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* File: array_binary_tree.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-08-15
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* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
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*/
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import '../utils/print_util.dart';
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import '../utils/tree_node.dart';
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/* 数组表示下的二叉树类 */
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class ArrayBinaryTree {
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late List<int?> _tree;
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/* 构造方法 */
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ArrayBinaryTree(this._tree);
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/* 列表容量 */
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int size() {
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return _tree.length;
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}
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/* 获取索引为 i 节点的值 */
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int? val(int i) {
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// 若索引越界,则返回 null ,代表空位
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if (i < 0 || i >= size()) {
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return null;
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}
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return _tree[i];
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}
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/* 获取索引为 i 节点的左子节点的索引 */
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int? left(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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/* 获取索引为 i 节点的右子节点的索引 */
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int? right(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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/* 获取索引为 i 节点的父节点的索引 */
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int? parent(int i) {
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return (i - 1) ~/ 2;
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}
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/* 层序遍历 */
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List<int> levelOrder() {
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List<int> res = [];
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for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
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if (val(i) != null) {
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res.add(val(i)!);
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}
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}
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return res;
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}
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/* 深度优先遍历 */
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void dfs(int i, String order, List<int?> res) {
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// 若为空位,则返回
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if (val(i) == null) {
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return;
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}
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// 前序遍历
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if (order == 'pre') {
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res.add(val(i));
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}
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dfs(left(i)!, order, res);
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// 中序遍历
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if (order == 'in') {
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res.add(val(i));
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}
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dfs(right(i)!, order, res);
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// 后序遍历
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if (order == 'post') {
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res.add(val(i));
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}
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}
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/* 前序遍历 */
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List<int?> preOrder() {
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List<int?> res = [];
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dfs(0, 'pre', res);
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return res;
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}
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/* 中序遍历 */
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List<int?> inOrder() {
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List<int?> res = [];
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dfs(0, 'in', res);
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return res;
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}
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/* 后序遍历 */
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List<int?> postOrder() {
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List<int?> res = [];
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dfs(0, 'post', res);
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return res;
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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void main() {
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// 初始化二叉树
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// 这里借助了一个从数组直接生成二叉树的函数
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List<int?> arr = [
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1,
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2,
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3,
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4,
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null,
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6,
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7,
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8,
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9,
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null,
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null,
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12,
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null,
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null,
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15
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];
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TreeNode? root = listToTree(arr);
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print("\n初始化二叉树\n");
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print("二叉树的数组表示:");
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print(arr);
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print("二叉树的链表表示:");
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printTree(root);
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// 数组表示下的二叉树类
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ArrayBinaryTree abt = ArrayBinaryTree(arr);
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// 访问节点
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int i = 1;
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int? l = abt.left(i);
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int? r = abt.right(i);
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int? p = abt.parent(i);
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print("\n当前节点的索引为 $i ,值为 ${abt.val(i)}");
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print("其左子节点的索引为 $l ,值为 ${(l == null ? "null" : abt.val(l))}");
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print("其右子节点的索引为 $r ,值为 ${(r == null ? "null" : abt.val(r))}");
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print("其父节点的索引为 $p ,值为 ${(p == null ? "null" : abt.val(p))}");
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// 遍历树
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List<int?> res = abt.levelOrder();
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print("\n层序遍历为:$res");
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res = abt.preOrder();
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print("前序遍历为 $res");
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res = abt.inOrder();
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print("中序遍历为 $res");
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res = abt.postOrder();
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print("后序遍历为 $res");
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}
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