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=begin
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File: avl_tree.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-17
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require_relative '../utils/tree_node'
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require_relative '../utils/print_util'
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### AVL 树 ###
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class AVLTree
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### 构造方法 ###
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def initialize
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@root = nil
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end
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### 获取二叉树根节点 ###
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def get_root
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@root
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end
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### 获取节点高度 ###
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def height(node)
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# 空节点高度为 -1 ,叶节点高度为 0
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return node.height unless node.nil?
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-1
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end
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### 更新节点高度 ###
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def update_height(node)
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# 节点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
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node.height = [height(node.left), height(node.right)].max + 1
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end
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### 获取平衡因子 ###
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def balance_factor(node)
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# 空节点平衡因子为 0
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return 0 if node.nil?
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# 节点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
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height(node.left) - height(node.right)
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end
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### 右旋操作 ###
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def right_rotate(node)
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child = node.left
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grand_child = child.right
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# 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
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child.right = node
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node.left = grand_child
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# 更新节点高度
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update_height(node)
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update_height(child)
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# 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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child
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end
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### 左旋操作 ###
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def left_rotate(node)
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child = node.right
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grand_child = child.left
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# 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
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child.left = node
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node.right = grand_child
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# 更新节点高度
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update_height(node)
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update_height(child)
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# 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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child
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end
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### 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 ###
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def rotate(node)
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# 获取节点 node 的平衡因子
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balance_factor = balance_factor(node)
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# 左遍树
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if balance_factor > 1
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if balance_factor(node.left) >= 0
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# 右旋
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return right_rotate(node)
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else
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# 先左旋后右旋
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node.left = left_rotate(node.left)
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return right_rotate(node)
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end
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# 右遍树
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elsif balance_factor < -1
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if balance_factor(node.right) <= 0
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# 左旋
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return left_rotate(node)
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else
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# 先右旋后左旋
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node.right = right_rotate(node.right)
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return left_rotate(node)
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end
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end
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# 平衡树,无须旋转,直接返回
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node
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end
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### 插入节点 ###
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def insert(val)
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@root = insert_helper(@root, val)
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end
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### 递归插入节点(辅助方法)###
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def insert_helper(node, val)
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return TreeNode.new(val) if node.nil?
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# 1. 查找插入位置并插入节点
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if val < node.val
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node.left = insert_helper(node.left, val)
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elsif val > node.val
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node.right = insert_helper(node.right, val)
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else
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# 重复节点不插入,直接返回
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return node
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end
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# 更新节点高度
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update_height(node)
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# 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡
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rotate(node)
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end
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### 删除节点 ###
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def remove(val)
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@root = remove_helper(@root, val)
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end
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### 递归删除节点(辅助方法)###
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def remove_helper(node, val)
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return if node.nil?
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# 1. 查找节点并删除
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if val < node.val
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node.left = remove_helper(node.left, val)
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elsif val > node.val
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node.right = remove_helper(node.right, val)
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else
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if node.left.nil? || node.right.nil?
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child = node.left || node.right
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# 子节点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
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return if child.nil?
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# 子节点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
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node = child
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else
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# 子节点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个节点删除,并用该节点替换当前节点
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temp = node.right
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while !temp.left.nil?
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temp = temp.left
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end
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node.right = remove_helper(node.right, temp.val)
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node.val = temp.val
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end
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end
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# 更新节点高度
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update_height(node)
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# 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡
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rotate(node)
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end
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### 查找节点 ###
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def search(val)
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cur = @root
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# 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while !cur.nil?
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# 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
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if cur.val < val
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cur = cur.right
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# 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
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elsif cur.val > val
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cur = cur.left
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# 找到目标节点,跳出循环
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else
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break
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end
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end
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# 返回目标节点
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cur
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end
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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def test_insert(tree, val)
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tree.insert(val)
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puts "\n插入节点 #{val} 后,AVL 树为"
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print_tree(tree.get_root)
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end
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def test_remove(tree, val)
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tree.remove(val)
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puts "\n删除节点 #{val} 后,AVL 树为"
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print_tree(tree.get_root)
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end
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# 初始化空 AVL 树
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avl_tree = AVLTree.new
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# 插入节点
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# 请关注插入节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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for val in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 7, 9, 10, 6]
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test_insert(avl_tree, val)
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end
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# 插入重复节点
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test_insert(avl_tree, 7)
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# 删除节点
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# 请关注删除节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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test_remove(avl_tree, 8) # 删除度为 0 的节点
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test_remove(avl_tree, 5) # 删除度为 1 的节点
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test_remove(avl_tree, 4) # 删除度为 2 的节点
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result_node = avl_tree.search(7)
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puts "\n查找到的节点对象为 #{result_node},节点值 = #{result_node.val}"
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end
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