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hello-algo/codes/rust/chapter_tree/avl_tree.rs

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/*
* File: avl_tree.rs
* Created Time: 2023-07-14
* Author: night-cruise (2586447362@qq.com)
*/
use hello_algo_rust::include::{print_util, TreeNode};
use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::rc::Rc;
type OptionTreeNodeRc = Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>;
/* AVL 树 */
struct AVLTree {
root: OptionTreeNodeRc, // 根节点
}
impl AVLTree {
/* 构造方法 */
fn new() -> Self {
Self { root: None }
}
/* 获取节点高度 */
fn height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> i32 {
// 空节点高度为 -1 ,叶节点高度为 0
match node {
Some(node) => node.borrow().height,
None => -1,
}
}
/* 更新节点高度 */
fn update_height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) {
if let Some(node) = node {
let left = node.borrow().left.clone();
let right = node.borrow().right.clone();
// 节点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
node.borrow_mut().height = std::cmp::max(Self::height(left), Self::height(right)) + 1;
}
}
/* 获取平衡因子 */
fn balance_factor(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> i32 {
match node {
// 空节点平衡因子为 0
None => 0,
// 节点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
Some(node) => {
Self::height(node.borrow().left.clone()) - Self::height(node.borrow().right.clone())
}
}
}
/* 右旋操作 */
fn right_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
match node {
Some(node) => {
let child = node.borrow().left.clone().unwrap();
let grand_child = child.borrow().right.clone();
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
child.borrow_mut().right = Some(node.clone());
node.borrow_mut().left = grand_child;
// 更新节点高度
Self::update_height(Some(node));
Self::update_height(Some(child.clone()));
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
Some(child)
}
None => None,
}
}
/* 左旋操作 */
fn left_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
match node {
Some(node) => {
let child = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();
let grand_child = child.borrow().left.clone();
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
child.borrow_mut().left = Some(node.clone());
node.borrow_mut().right = grand_child;
// 更新节点高度
Self::update_height(Some(node));
Self::update_height(Some(child.clone()));
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
Some(child)
}
None => None,
}
}
/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
fn rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
// 获取节点 node 的平衡因子
let balance_factor = Self::balance_factor(node.clone());
// 左偏树
if balance_factor > 1 {
let node = node.unwrap();
if Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().left.clone()) >= 0 {
// 右旋
Self::right_rotate(Some(node))
} else {
// 先左旋后右旋
let left = node.borrow().left.clone();
node.borrow_mut().left = Self::left_rotate(left);
Self::right_rotate(Some(node))
}
}
// 右偏树
else if balance_factor < -1 {
let node = node.unwrap();
if Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().right.clone()) <= 0 {
// 左旋
Self::left_rotate(Some(node))
} else {
// 先右旋后左旋
let right = node.borrow().right.clone();
node.borrow_mut().right = Self::right_rotate(right);
Self::left_rotate(Some(node))
}
} else {
// 平衡树,无须旋转,直接返回
node
}
}
/* 插入节点 */
fn insert(&mut self, val: i32) {
self.root = Self::insert_helper(self.root.clone(), val);
}
/* 递归插入节点(辅助方法) */
fn insert_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
match node {
Some(mut node) => {
/* 1. 查找插入位置并插入节点 */
match {
let node_val = node.borrow().val;
node_val
}
.cmp(&val)
{
Ordering::Greater => {
let left = node.borrow().left.clone();
node.borrow_mut().left = Self::insert_helper(left, val);
}
Ordering::Less => {
let right = node.borrow().right.clone();
node.borrow_mut().right = Self::insert_helper(right, val);
}
Ordering::Equal => {
return Some(node); // 重复节点不插入,直接返回
}
}
Self::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // 更新节点高度
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
node = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();
// 返回子树的根节点
Some(node)
}
None => Some(TreeNode::new(val)),
}
}
/* 删除节点 */
fn remove(&self, val: i32) {
Self::remove_helper(self.root.clone(), val);
}
/* 递归删除节点(辅助方法) */
fn remove_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
match node {
Some(mut node) => {
/* 1. 查找节点并删除 */
if val < node.borrow().val {
let left = node.borrow().left.clone();
node.borrow_mut().left = Self::remove_helper(left, val);
} else if val > node.borrow().val {
let right = node.borrow().right.clone();
node.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, val);
} else if node.borrow().left.is_none() || node.borrow().right.is_none() {
let child = if node.borrow().left.is_some() {
node.borrow().left.clone()
} else {
node.borrow().right.clone()
};
match child {
// 子节点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
None => {
return None;
}
// 子节点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
Some(child) => node = child,
}
} else {
// 子节点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个节点删除,并用该节点替换当前节点
let mut temp = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();
loop {
let temp_left = temp.borrow().left.clone();
if temp_left.is_none() {
break;
}
temp = temp_left.unwrap();
}
let right = node.borrow().right.clone();
node.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, temp.borrow().val);
node.borrow_mut().val = temp.borrow().val;
}
Self::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // 更新节点高度
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
node = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();
// 返回子树的根节点
Some(node)
}
None => None,
}
}
/* 查找节点 */
fn search(&self, val: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
let mut cur = self.root.clone();
// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
while let Some(current) = cur.clone() {
match current.borrow().val.cmp(&val) {
// 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
Ordering::Less => {
cur = current.borrow().right.clone();
}
// 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
Ordering::Greater => {
cur = current.borrow().left.clone();
}
// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
Ordering::Equal => {
break;
}
}
}
// 返回目标节点
cur
}
}
/* Driver Code */
fn main() {
fn test_insert(tree: &mut AVLTree, val: i32) {
tree.insert(val);
println!("\n插入节点 {} 后AVL 树为", val);
print_util::print_tree(&tree.root.clone().unwrap());
}
fn test_remove(tree: &mut AVLTree, val: i32) {
tree.remove(val);
println!("\n删除节点 {} 后AVL 树为", val);
print_util::print_tree(&tree.root.clone().unwrap());
}
/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
let mut avl_tree = AVLTree::new();
/* 插入节点 */
// 请关注插入节点后AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 1);
test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 2);
test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 3);
test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 4);
test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 5);
test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 8);
test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 7);
test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 9);
test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 10);
test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 6);
/* 插入重复节点 */
test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 7);
/* 删除节点 */
// 请关注删除节点后AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
test_remove(&mut avl_tree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的节点
test_remove(&mut avl_tree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的节点
test_remove(&mut avl_tree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的节点
/* 查询节点 */
let node = avl_tree.search(7);
if let Some(node) = node {
println!(
"\n查找到的节点对象为 {:?},节点值 = {}",
&*node.borrow(),
node.borrow().val
);
}
}