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/**
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* File: coin_change.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-12
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_dynamic_programming;
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public class coin_change {
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/* 零錢兌換:動態規劃 */
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int CoinChangeDP(int[] coins, int amt) {
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int n = coins.Length;
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int MAX = amt + 1;
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// 初始化 dp 表
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int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, amt + 1];
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// 狀態轉移:首行首列
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for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
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dp[0, a] = MAX;
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}
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// 狀態轉移:其餘行和列
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for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
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if (coins[i - 1] > a) {
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// 若超過目標金額,則不選硬幣 i
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dp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a];
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} else {
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// 不選和選硬幣 i 這兩種方案的較小值
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dp[i, a] = Math.Min(dp[i - 1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);
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}
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}
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}
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return dp[n, amt] != MAX ? dp[n, amt] : -1;
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}
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/* 零錢兌換:空間最佳化後的動態規劃 */
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int CoinChangeDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {
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int n = coins.Length;
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int MAX = amt + 1;
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// 初始化 dp 表
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int[] dp = new int[amt + 1];
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Array.Fill(dp, MAX);
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dp[0] = 0;
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// 狀態轉移
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for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
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if (coins[i - 1] > a) {
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// 若超過目標金額,則不選硬幣 i
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dp[a] = dp[a];
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} else {
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// 不選和選硬幣 i 這兩種方案的較小值
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dp[a] = Math.Min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);
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}
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}
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}
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return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;
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}
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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int[] coins = [1, 2, 5];
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int amt = 4;
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// 動態規劃
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int res = CoinChangeDP(coins, amt);
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Console.WriteLine("湊到目標金額所需的最少硬幣數量為 " + res);
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// 空間最佳化後的動態規劃
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res = CoinChangeDPComp(coins, amt);
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Console.WriteLine("湊到目標金額所需的最少硬幣數量為 " + res);
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}
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}
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