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152 lines
3.4 KiB
152 lines
3.4 KiB
7 months ago
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/**
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* File: my_heap.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-04-09
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* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
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*/
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import '../utils/print_util.dart';
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/* 大頂堆積 */
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class MaxHeap {
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late List<int> _maxHeap;
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/* 建構子,根據輸入串列建堆積 */
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MaxHeap(List<int> nums) {
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// 將串列元素原封不動新增進堆積
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_maxHeap = nums;
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// 堆積化除葉節點以外的其他所有節點
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for (int i = _parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
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siftDown(i);
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}
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}
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/* 獲取左子節點的索引 */
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int _left(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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/* 獲取右子節點的索引 */
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int _right(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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/* 獲取父節點的索引 */
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int _parent(int i) {
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return (i - 1) ~/ 2; // 向下整除
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}
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/* 交換元素 */
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void _swap(int i, int j) {
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int tmp = _maxHeap[i];
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_maxHeap[i] = _maxHeap[j];
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_maxHeap[j] = tmp;
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}
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/* 獲取堆積大小 */
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int size() {
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return _maxHeap.length;
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}
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/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
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bool isEmpty() {
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return size() == 0;
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}
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/* 訪問堆積頂元素 */
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int peek() {
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return _maxHeap[0];
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}
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/* 元素入堆積 */
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void push(int val) {
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// 新增節點
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_maxHeap.add(val);
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// 從底至頂堆積化
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siftUp(size() - 1);
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}
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/* 從節點 i 開始,從底至頂堆積化 */
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void siftUp(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 獲取節點 i 的父節點
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int p = _parent(i);
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// 當“越過根節點”或“節點無須修復”時,結束堆積化
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if (p < 0 || _maxHeap[i] <= _maxHeap[p]) {
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break;
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}
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// 交換兩節點
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_swap(i, p);
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// 迴圈向上堆積化
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i = p;
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}
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}
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/* 元素出堆積 */
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int pop() {
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// 判空處理
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if (isEmpty()) throw Exception('堆積為空');
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// 交換根節點與最右葉節點(交換首元素與尾元素)
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_swap(0, size() - 1);
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// 刪除節點
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int val = _maxHeap.removeLast();
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// 從頂至底堆積化
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siftDown(0);
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// 返回堆積頂元素
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return val;
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}
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/* 從節點 i 開始,從頂至底堆積化 */
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void siftDown(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 判斷節點 i, l, r 中值最大的節點,記為 ma
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int l = _left(i);
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int r = _right(i);
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int ma = i;
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if (l < size() && _maxHeap[l] > _maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;
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if (r < size() && _maxHeap[r] > _maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;
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// 若節點 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,則無須繼續堆積化,跳出
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if (ma == i) break;
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// 交換兩節點
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_swap(i, ma);
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// 迴圈向下堆積化
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i = ma;
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}
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}
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/* 列印堆積(二元樹) */
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void print() {
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printHeap(_maxHeap);
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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void main() {
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/* 初始化大頂堆積 */
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MaxHeap maxHeap = MaxHeap([9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2]);
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print("\n輸入串列並建堆積後");
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 獲取堆積頂元素 */
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int peek = maxHeap.peek();
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print("\n堆積頂元素為 $peek");
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/* 元素入堆積 */
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int val = 7;
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maxHeap.push(val);
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print("\n元素 $val 入堆積後");
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 堆積頂元素出堆積 */
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peek = maxHeap.pop();
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print("\n堆積頂元素 $peek 出堆積後");
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 獲取堆積大小 */
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int size = maxHeap.size();
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print("\n堆積元素數量為 $size");
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/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
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bool isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
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print("\n堆積是否為空 $isEmpty");
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}
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