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/**
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* File: time_complexity.kt
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* Created Time: 2024-01-25
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* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
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*/
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package chapter_computational_complexity.time_complexity
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/* 常數階 */
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fun constant(n: Int): Int {
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var count = 0
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val size = 100000
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for (i in 0..<size)
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count++
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return count
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}
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/* 線性階 */
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fun linear(n: Int): Int {
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var count = 0
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for (i in 0..<n)
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count++
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return count
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}
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/* 線性階(走訪陣列) */
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fun arrayTraversal(nums: IntArray): Int {
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var count = 0
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// 迴圈次數與陣列長度成正比
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for (num in nums) {
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count++
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 平方階 */
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fun quadratic(n: Int): Int {
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var count = 0
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// 迴圈次數與資料大小 n 成平方關係
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for (i in 0..<n) {
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for (j in 0..<n) {
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count++
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}
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 平方階(泡沫排序) */
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fun bubbleSort(nums: IntArray): Int {
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var count = 0 // 計數器
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// 外迴圈:未排序區間為 [0, i]
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for (i in nums.size - 1 downTo 1) {
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// 內迴圈:將未排序區間 [0, i] 中的最大元素交換至該區間的最右端
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for (j in 0..<i) {
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if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {
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// 交換 nums[j] 與 nums[j + 1]
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val temp = nums[j]
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nums[j] = nums[j + 1]
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nums[j + 1] = temp
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count += 3 // 元素交換包含 3 個單元操作
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}
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}
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 指數階(迴圈實現) */
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fun exponential(n: Int): Int {
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var count = 0
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var base = 1
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// 細胞每輪一分為二,形成數列 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)
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for (i in 0..<n) {
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for (j in 0..<base) {
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count++
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}
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base *= 2
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}
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// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1
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return count
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}
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/* 指數階(遞迴實現) */
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fun expRecur(n: Int): Int {
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if (n == 1) {
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return 1
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}
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return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1
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}
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/* 對數階(迴圈實現) */
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fun logarithmic(n: Int): Int {
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var n1 = n
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var count = 0
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while (n1 > 1) {
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n1 /= 2
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count++
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 對數階(遞迴實現) */
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fun logRecur(n: Int): Int {
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if (n <= 1)
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return 0
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return logRecur(n / 2) + 1
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}
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/* 線性對數階 */
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fun linearLogRecur(n: Int): Int {
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if (n <= 1)
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return 1
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var count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2)
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for (i in 0..<n) {
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count++
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 階乘階(遞迴實現) */
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fun factorialRecur(n: Int): Int {
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if (n == 0)
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return 1
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var count = 0
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// 從 1 個分裂出 n 個
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for (i in 0..<n) {
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count += factorialRecur(n - 1)
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}
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return count
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fun main() {
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// 可以修改 n 執行,體會一下各種複雜度的操作數量變化趨勢
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val n = 8
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println("輸入資料大小 n = $n")
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var count = constant(n)
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println("常數階的操作數量 = $count")
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count = linear(n)
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println("線性階的操作數量 = $count")
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count = arrayTraversal(IntArray(n))
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println("線性階(走訪陣列)的操作數量 = $count")
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count = quadratic(n)
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println("平方階的操作數量 = $count")
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val nums = IntArray(n)
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for (i in 0..<n)
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nums[i] = n - i // [n,n-1,...,2,1]
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count = bubbleSort(nums)
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println("平方階(泡沫排序)的操作數量 = $count")
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count = exponential(n)
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println("指數階(迴圈實現)的操作數量 = $count")
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count = expRecur(n)
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println("指數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = $count")
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count = logarithmic(n)
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println("對數階(迴圈實現)的操作數量 = $count")
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count = logRecur(n)
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println("對數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = $count")
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count = linearLogRecur(n)
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println("線性對數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = $count")
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count = factorialRecur(n)
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println("階乘階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = $count")
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}
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