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/**
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* File: avl_tree.kt
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* Created Time: 2024-01-25
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* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
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*/
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package chapter_tree
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import utils.TreeNode
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import utils.printTree
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import kotlin.math.max
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/* AVL 樹 */
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class AVLTree {
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var root: TreeNode? = null // 根節點
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/* 獲取節點高度 */
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fun height(node: TreeNode?): Int {
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// 空節點高度為 -1 ,葉節點高度為 0
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return node?.height ?: -1
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}
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/* 更新節點高度 */
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private fun updateHeight(node: TreeNode?) {
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// 節點高度等於最高子樹高度 + 1
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node?.height = max(height(node?.left), height(node?.right)) + 1
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}
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/* 獲取平衡因子 */
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fun balanceFactor(node: TreeNode?): Int {
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// 空節點平衡因子為 0
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if (node == null) return 0
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// 節點平衡因子 = 左子樹高度 - 右子樹高度
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return height(node.left) - height(node.right)
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}
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/* 右旋操作 */
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private fun rightRotate(node: TreeNode?): TreeNode {
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val child = node!!.left
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val grandChild = child!!.right
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// 以 child 為原點,將 node 向右旋轉
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child.right = node
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node.left = grandChild
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// 更新節點高度
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updateHeight(node)
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updateHeight(child)
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// 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點
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return child
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}
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/* 左旋操作 */
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private fun leftRotate(node: TreeNode?): TreeNode {
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val child = node!!.right
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val grandChild = child!!.left
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// 以 child 為原點,將 node 向左旋轉
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child.left = node
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node.right = grandChild
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// 更新節點高度
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updateHeight(node)
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updateHeight(child)
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// 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點
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return child
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}
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/* 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡 */
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private fun rotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {
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// 獲取節點 node 的平衡因子
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val balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node)
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// 左偏樹
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if (balanceFactor > 1) {
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if (balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {
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// 右旋
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return rightRotate(node)
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} else {
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// 先左旋後右旋
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node.left = leftRotate(node.left)
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return rightRotate(node)
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}
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}
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// 右偏樹
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if (balanceFactor < -1) {
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if (balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {
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// 左旋
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return leftRotate(node)
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} else {
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// 先右旋後左旋
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node.right = rightRotate(node.right)
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return leftRotate(node)
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}
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}
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// 平衡樹,無須旋轉,直接返回
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return node
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}
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/* 插入節點 */
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fun insert(_val: Int) {
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root = insertHelper(root, _val)
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}
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/* 遞迴插入節點(輔助方法) */
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private fun insertHelper(n: TreeNode?, _val: Int): TreeNode {
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if (n == null)
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return TreeNode(_val)
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var node = n
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/* 1. 查詢插入位置並插入節點 */
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if (_val < node._val)
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node.left = insertHelper(node.left, _val)
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else if (_val > node._val)
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node.right = insertHelper(node.right, _val)
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else
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return node // 重複節點不插入,直接返回
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updateHeight(node) // 更新節點高度
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/* 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡 */
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node = rotate(node)
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// 返回子樹的根節點
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return node
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}
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/* 刪除節點 */
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fun remove(_val: Int) {
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root = removeHelper(root, _val)
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}
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/* 遞迴刪除節點(輔助方法) */
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private fun removeHelper(n: TreeNode?, _val: Int): TreeNode? {
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var node = n ?: return null
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/* 1. 查詢節點並刪除 */
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if (_val < node._val)
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node.left = removeHelper(node.left, _val)
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else if (_val > node._val)
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node.right = removeHelper(node.right, _val)
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else {
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if (node.left == null || node.right == null) {
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val child = if (node.left != null)
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node.left
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else
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node.right
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// 子節點數量 = 0 ,直接刪除 node 並返回
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if (child == null)
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return null
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// 子節點數量 = 1 ,直接刪除 node
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else
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node = child
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} else {
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// 子節點數量 = 2 ,則將中序走訪的下個節點刪除,並用該節點替換當前節點
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var temp = node.right
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while (temp!!.left != null) {
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temp = temp.left
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}
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node.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp._val)
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node._val = temp._val
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}
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}
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updateHeight(node) // 更新節點高度
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/* 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡 */
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node = rotate(node)
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// 返回子樹的根節點
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return node
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}
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/* 查詢節點 */
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fun search(_val: Int): TreeNode? {
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var cur = root
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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cur = if (cur._val < _val)
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cur.right!!
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// 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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else if (cur._val > _val)
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cur.left
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// 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
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else
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break
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}
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// 返回目標節點
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return cur
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}
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}
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fun testInsert(tree: AVLTree, _val: Int) {
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tree.insert(_val)
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println("\n插入節點 $_val 後,AVL 樹為")
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printTree(tree.root)
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}
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fun testRemove(tree: AVLTree, _val: Int) {
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tree.remove(_val)
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println("\n刪除節點 $_val 後,AVL 樹為")
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printTree(tree.root)
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fun main() {
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/* 初始化空 AVL 樹 */
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val avlTree = AVLTree()
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/* 插入節點 */
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// 請關注插入節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的
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testInsert(avlTree, 1)
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testInsert(avlTree, 2)
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testInsert(avlTree, 3)
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testInsert(avlTree, 4)
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testInsert(avlTree, 5)
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testInsert(avlTree, 8)
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testInsert(avlTree, 7)
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testInsert(avlTree, 9)
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testInsert(avlTree, 10)
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testInsert(avlTree, 6)
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/* 插入重複節點 */
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testInsert(avlTree, 7)
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/* 刪除節點 */
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// 請關注刪除節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的
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testRemove(avlTree, 8) // 刪除度為 0 的節點
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testRemove(avlTree, 5) // 刪除度為 1 的節點
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testRemove(avlTree, 4) // 刪除度為 2 的節點
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/* 查詢節點 */
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val node = avlTree.search(7)
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println("\n 查詢到的節點物件為 $node,節點值 = ${node?._val}")
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}
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