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146 lines
4.6 KiB
146 lines
4.6 KiB
7 months ago
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/*
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* File: edit_distance.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-09
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* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 編輯距離:暴力搜尋 */
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fn edit_distance_dfs(s: &str, t: &str, i: usize, j: usize) -> i32 {
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// 若 s 和 t 都為空,則返回 0
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if i == 0 && j == 0 {
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return 0;
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}
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// 若 s 為空,則返回 t 長度
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if i == 0 {
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return j as i32;
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}
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// 若 t 為空,則返回 s 長度
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if j == 0 {
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return i as i32;
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}
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// 若兩字元相等,則直接跳過此兩字元
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if s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {
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return edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
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}
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// 最少編輯步數 = 插入、刪除、替換這三種操作的最少編輯步數 + 1
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let insert = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i, j - 1);
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let delete = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i - 1, j);
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let replace = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
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// 返回最少編輯步數
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std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(insert, delete), replace) + 1
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}
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/* 編輯距離:記憶化搜尋 */
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fn edit_distance_dfs_mem(s: &str, t: &str, mem: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>, i: usize, j: usize) -> i32 {
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// 若 s 和 t 都為空,則返回 0
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if i == 0 && j == 0 {
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return 0;
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}
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// 若 s 為空,則返回 t 長度
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if i == 0 {
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return j as i32;
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}
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// 若 t 為空,則返回 s 長度
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if j == 0 {
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return i as i32;
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}
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// 若已有記錄,則直接返回之
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if mem[i][j] != -1 {
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return mem[i][j];
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}
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// 若兩字元相等,則直接跳過此兩字元
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if s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {
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return edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
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}
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// 最少編輯步數 = 插入、刪除、替換這三種操作的最少編輯步數 + 1
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let insert = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i, j - 1);
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let delete = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j);
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let replace = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
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// 記錄並返回最少編輯步數
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mem[i][j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(insert, delete), replace) + 1;
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mem[i][j]
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}
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/* 編輯距離:動態規劃 */
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fn edit_distance_dp(s: &str, t: &str) -> i32 {
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let (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());
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let mut dp = vec![vec![0; m + 1]; n + 1];
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// 狀態轉移:首行首列
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for i in 1..=n {
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dp[i][0] = i as i32;
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}
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for j in 1..m {
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dp[0][j] = j as i32;
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}
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// 狀態轉移:其餘行和列
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for i in 1..=n {
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for j in 1..=m {
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if s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {
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// 若兩字元相等,則直接跳過此兩字元
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dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
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} else {
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// 最少編輯步數 = 插入、刪除、替換這三種操作的最少編輯步數 + 1
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dp[i][j] =
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std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;
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}
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}
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}
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dp[n][m]
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}
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/* 編輯距離:空間最佳化後的動態規劃 */
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fn edit_distance_dp_comp(s: &str, t: &str) -> i32 {
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let (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());
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let mut dp = vec![0; m + 1];
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// 狀態轉移:首行
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for j in 1..m {
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dp[j] = j as i32;
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}
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// 狀態轉移:其餘行
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for i in 1..=n {
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// 狀態轉移:首列
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let mut leftup = dp[0]; // 暫存 dp[i-1, j-1]
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dp[0] = i as i32;
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// 狀態轉移:其餘列
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for j in 1..=m {
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let temp = dp[j];
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if s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {
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// 若兩字元相等,則直接跳過此兩字元
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dp[j] = leftup;
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} else {
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// 最少編輯步數 = 插入、刪除、替換這三種操作的最少編輯步數 + 1
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dp[j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
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}
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leftup = temp; // 更新為下一輪的 dp[i-1, j-1]
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}
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}
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dp[m]
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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pub fn main() {
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let s = "bag";
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let t = "pack";
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let (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());
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// 暴力搜尋
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let res = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, n, m);
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println!("將 {s} 更改為 {t} 最少需要編輯 {res} 步");
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// 記憶搜尋
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let mut mem = vec![vec![0; m + 1]; n + 1];
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for row in mem.iter_mut() {
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row.fill(-1);
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}
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let res = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, &mut mem, n, m);
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println!("將 {s} 更改為 {t} 最少需要編輯 {res} 步");
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// 動態規劃
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let res = edit_distance_dp(s, t);
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println!("將 {s} 更改為 {t} 最少需要編輯 {res} 步");
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// 空間最佳化後的動態規劃
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let res = edit_distance_dp_comp(s, t);
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println!("將 {s} 更改為 {t} 最少需要編輯 {res} 步");
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}
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