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/**
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* File: knapsack.swift
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* Created Time: 2023-07-15
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* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
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*/
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/* 0-1 背包:暴力搜尋 */
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func knapsackDFS(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], i: Int, c: Int) -> Int {
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// 若已選完所有物品或背包無剩餘容量,則返回價值 0
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if i == 0 || c == 0 {
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return 0
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}
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// 若超過背包容量,則只能選擇不放入背包
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if wgt[i - 1] > c {
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return knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c)
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}
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// 計算不放入和放入物品 i 的最大價值
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let no = knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c)
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let yes = knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]
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// 返回兩種方案中價值更大的那一個
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return max(no, yes)
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}
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/* 0-1 背包:記憶化搜尋 */
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func knapsackDFSMem(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], mem: inout [[Int]], i: Int, c: Int) -> Int {
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// 若已選完所有物品或背包無剩餘容量,則返回價值 0
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if i == 0 || c == 0 {
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return 0
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}
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// 若已有記錄,則直接返回
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if mem[i][c] != -1 {
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return mem[i][c]
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}
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// 若超過背包容量,則只能選擇不放入背包
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if wgt[i - 1] > c {
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return knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &mem, i: i - 1, c: c)
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}
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// 計算不放入和放入物品 i 的最大價值
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let no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &mem, i: i - 1, c: c)
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let yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &mem, i: i - 1, c: c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]
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// 記錄並返回兩種方案中價值更大的那一個
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mem[i][c] = max(no, yes)
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return mem[i][c]
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}
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/* 0-1 背包:動態規劃 */
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func knapsackDP(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Int {
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let n = wgt.count
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// 初始化 dp 表
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var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1), count: n + 1)
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// 狀態轉移
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for i in 1 ... n {
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for c in 1 ... cap {
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if wgt[i - 1] > c {
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// 若超過背包容量,則不選物品 i
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dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]
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} else {
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// 不選和選物品 i 這兩種方案的較大值
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dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])
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}
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}
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}
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return dp[n][cap]
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}
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/* 0-1 背包:空間最佳化後的動態規劃 */
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func knapsackDPComp(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Int {
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let n = wgt.count
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// 初始化 dp 表
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var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1)
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// 狀態轉移
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for i in 1 ... n {
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// 倒序走訪
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for c in (1 ... cap).reversed() {
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if wgt[i - 1] <= c {
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// 不選和選物品 i 這兩種方案的較大值
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dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])
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}
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}
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}
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return dp[cap]
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}
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@main
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enum Knapsack {
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/* Driver Code */
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static func main() {
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let wgt = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
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let val = [50, 120, 150, 210, 240]
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let cap = 50
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let n = wgt.count
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// 暴力搜尋
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var res = knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: n, c: cap)
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print("不超過背包容量的最大物品價值為 \(res)")
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// 記憶化搜尋
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var mem = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: -1, count: cap + 1), count: n + 1)
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res = knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &mem, i: n, c: cap)
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print("不超過背包容量的最大物品價值為 \(res)")
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// 動態規劃
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res = knapsackDP(wgt: wgt, val: val, cap: cap)
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print("不超過背包容量的最大物品價值為 \(res)")
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// 空間最佳化後的動態規劃
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res = knapsackDPComp(wgt: wgt, val: val, cap: cap)
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print("不超過背包容量的最大物品價值為 \(res)")
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}
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}
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