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hello-algo/codes/cpp/chapter_backtracking/n_queens.cpp

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/**
* File: n_queens.cpp
* Created Time: 2023-05-04
* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
/* 回溯算法N 皇后 */
void backtrack(int row, int n, vector<vector<string>> &state, vector<vector<vector<string>>> &res, vector<bool> &cols,
vector<bool> &diags1, vector<bool> &diags2) {
// 当放置完所有行时,记录解
if (row == n) {
res.push_back(state);
return;
}
// 遍历所有列
for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和副对角线
int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
int diag2 = row + col;
// 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、副对角线上存在皇后
if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
// 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子
state[row][col] = "Q";
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
// 放置下一行
backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
// 回退:将该格子恢复为空位
state[row][col] = "#";
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
}
}
}
/* 求解 N 皇后 */
vector<vector<vector<string>>> nQueens(int n) {
// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
vector<vector<string>> state(n, vector<string>(n, "#"));
vector<bool> cols(n, false); // 记录列是否有皇后
vector<bool> diags1(2 * n - 1, false); // 记录主对角线上是否有皇后
vector<bool> diags2(2 * n - 1, false); // 记录副对角线上是否有皇后
vector<vector<vector<string>>> res;
backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
return res;
}
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
int n = 4;
vector<vector<vector<string>>> res = nQueens(n);
cout << "输入棋盘长宽为 " << n << endl;
cout << "皇后放置方案共有 " << res.size() << "" << endl;
for (const vector<vector<string>> &state : res) {
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
for (const vector<string> &row : state) {
printVector(row);
}
}
return 0;
}