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/**
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* File: hashMapOpenAddressing.js
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* Created Time: 2023-06-13
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* Author: yuan0221 (yl1452491917@gmail.com), Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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/* 键值对 Number -> String */
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class Pair {
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constructor(key, val) {
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this.key = key;
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this.val = val;
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}
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}
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/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
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class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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#size; // 键值对数量
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#capacity; // 哈希表容量
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#loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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#extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
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#buckets; // 桶数组
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#TOMBSTONE; // 删除标记
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/* 构造方法 */
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constructor() {
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this.#size = 0; // 键值对数量
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this.#capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
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this.#loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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this.#extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
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this.#buckets = Array(this.#capacity).fill(null); // 桶数组
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this.#TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, '-1'); // 删除标记
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}
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/* 哈希函数 */
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#hashFunc(key) {
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return key % this.#capacity;
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}
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/* 负载因子 */
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#loadFactor() {
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return this.#size / this.#capacity;
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}
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/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
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#findBucket(key) {
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let index = this.#hashFunc(key);
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let firstTombstone = -1;
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// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
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while (this.#buckets[index] !== null) {
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// 若遇到 key ,返回对应桶索引
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if (this.#buckets[index].key === key) {
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// 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引
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if (firstTombstone !== -1) {
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this.#buckets[firstTombstone] = this.#buckets[index];
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this.#buckets[index] = this.#TOMBSTONE;
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return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引
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}
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return index; // 返回桶索引
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}
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// 记录遇到的首个删除标记
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if (
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firstTombstone === -1 &&
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this.#buckets[index] === this.#TOMBSTONE
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) {
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firstTombstone = index;
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}
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// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
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index = (index + 1) % this.#capacity;
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}
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// 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
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return firstTombstone === -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
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}
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/* 查询操作 */
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get(key) {
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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const index = this.#findBucket(key);
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// 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
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if (
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this.#buckets[index] !== null &&
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this.#buckets[index] !== this.#TOMBSTONE
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) {
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return this.#buckets[index].val;
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}
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// 若键值对不存在,则返回 null
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return null;
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}
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/* 添加操作 */
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put(key, val) {
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// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
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if (this.#loadFactor() > this.#loadThres) {
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this.#extend();
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}
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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const index = this.#findBucket(key);
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// 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
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if (
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this.#buckets[index] !== null &&
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this.#buckets[index] !== this.#TOMBSTONE
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) {
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this.#buckets[index].val = val;
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return;
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}
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// 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
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this.#buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
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this.#size++;
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}
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/* 删除操作 */
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remove(key) {
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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const index = this.#findBucket(key);
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// 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
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if (
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this.#buckets[index] !== null &&
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this.#buckets[index] !== this.#TOMBSTONE
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) {
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this.#buckets[index] = this.#TOMBSTONE;
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this.#size--;
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}
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}
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/* 扩容哈希表 */
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#extend() {
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// 暂存原哈希表
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const bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;
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// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
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this.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;
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this.#buckets = Array(this.#capacity).fill(null);
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this.#size = 0;
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// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
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for (const pair of bucketsTmp) {
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if (pair !== null && pair !== this.#TOMBSTONE) {
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this.put(pair.key, pair.val);
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}
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}
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}
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/* 打印哈希表 */
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print() {
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for (const pair of this.#buckets) {
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if (pair === null) {
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console.log('null');
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} else if (pair === this.#TOMBSTONE) {
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console.log('TOMBSTONE');
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} else {
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console.log(pair.key + ' -> ' + pair.val);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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// 初始化哈希表
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const hashmap = new HashMapOpenAddressing();
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// 添加操作
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// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val)
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hashmap.put(12836, '小哈');
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hashmap.put(15937, '小啰');
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hashmap.put(16750, '小算');
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hashmap.put(13276, '小法');
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hashmap.put(10583, '小鸭');
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console.log('\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value');
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hashmap.print();
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// 查询操作
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// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 val
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const name = hashmap.get(13276);
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console.log('\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 ' + name);
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// 删除操作
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// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
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hashmap.remove(16750);
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console.log('\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value');
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hashmap.print();
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