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hello-algo/codes/rust/chapter_backtracking/n_queens.rs

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/*
* File: n_queens.rs
* Created Time: 2023-07-15
* Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
*/
/* 回溯算法N 皇后 */
fn backtrack(row: usize, n: usize, state: &mut Vec<Vec<String>>, res: &mut Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>>,
cols: &mut [bool], diags1: &mut [bool], diags2: &mut [bool]) {
// 当放置完所有行时,记录解
if row == n {
let mut copy_state: Vec<Vec<String>> = Vec::new();
for s_row in state.clone() {
copy_state.push(s_row);
}
res.push(copy_state);
return;
}
// 遍历所有列
for col in 0..n {
// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和副对角线
let diag1 = row + n - 1 - col;
let diag2 = row + col;
// 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、副对角线上存在皇后
if !cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2] {
// 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子
state.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = "Q".into();
(cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (true, true, true);
// 放置下一行
backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
// 回退:将该格子恢复为空位
state.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = "#".into();
(cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (false, false, false);
}
}
}
/* 求解 N 皇后 */
fn n_queens(n: usize) -> Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>> {
// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
let mut state: Vec<Vec<String>> = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..n {
let mut row: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..n {
row.push("#".into());
}
state.push(row);
}
let mut cols = vec![false; n]; // 记录列是否有皇后
let mut diags1 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // 记录主对角线上是否有皇后
let mut diags2 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // 记录副对角线上是否有皇后
let mut res: Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>> = Vec::new();
backtrack(0, n, &mut state, &mut res, &mut cols, &mut diags1, &mut diags2);
res
}
/* Driver Code */
pub fn main() {
let n: usize = 4;
let res = n_queens(n);
println!("输入棋盘长宽为 {n}");
println!("皇后放置方案共有 {} 种", res.len());
for state in res.iter() {
println!("--------------------");
for row in state.iter() {
println!("{:?}", row);
}
}
}