hello-algo/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.py

"""
File: hash_map_open_addressing.py
Created Time: 2023-06-13
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
"""

import sys, os.path as osp

sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
from chapter_hashing.array_hash_map import Pair


class HashMapOpenAddressing:
    """开放寻址哈希表"""

    def __init__(self):
        """构造方法"""
        self.size = 0  # 键值对数量
        self.capacity = 4  # 哈希表容量
        self.load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0  # 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
        self.extend_ratio = 2  # 扩容倍数
        self.buckets: list[Pair | None] = [None] * self.capacity  # 桶数组
        self.TOMBSTONE = Pair(-1, "-1")  # 删除标记

    def hash_func(self, key: int) -> int:
        """哈希函数"""
        return key % self.capacity

    def load_factor(self) -> float:
        """负载因子"""
        return self.size / self.capacity

    def find_bucket(self, key: int) -> int:
        """搜索 key 对应的桶索引"""
        index = self.hash_func(key)
        first_tombstone = -1
        # 线性探测，当遇到空桶时跳出
        while self.buckets[index] is not None:
            # 若遇到 key ，返回对应桶索引
            if self.buckets[index].key == key:
                # 若之前遇到了删除标记，则将键值对移动至该索引
                if first_tombstone != -1:
                    self.buckets[first_tombstone] = self.buckets[index]
                    self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE
                    return first_tombstone  # 返回移动后的桶索引
                return index  # 返回桶索引
            # 记录遇到的首个删除标记
            if first_tombstone == -1 and self.buckets[index] is self.TOMBSTONE:
                first_tombstone = index
            # 计算桶索引，越过尾部返回头部
            index = (index + 1) % self.capacity
        # 若 key 不存在，则返回添加点的索引
        return index if first_tombstone == -1 else first_tombstone

    def get(self, key: int) -> str:
        """查询操作"""
        # 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
        index = self.find_bucket(key)
        # 若找到键值对，则返回对应 val
        if self.buckets[index] not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:
            return self.buckets[index].val
        # 若键值对不存在，则返回 None
        return None

    def put(self, key: int, val: str):
        """添加操作"""
        # 当负载因子超过阈值时，执行扩容
        if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres:
            self.extend()
        # 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
        index = self.find_bucket(key)
        # 若找到键值对，则覆盖 val 并返回
        if self.buckets[index] not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:
            self.buckets[index].val = val
            return
        # 若键值对不存在，则添加该键值对
        self.buckets[index] = Pair(key, val)
        self.size += 1

    def remove(self, key: int):
        """删除操作"""
        # 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
        index = self.find_bucket(key)
        # 若找到键值对，则用删除标记覆盖它
        if self.buckets[index] not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:
            self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE
            self.size -= 1

    def extend(self):
        """扩容哈希表"""
        # 暂存原哈希表
        buckets_tmp = self.buckets
        # 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
        self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio
        self.buckets = [None] * self.capacity
        self.size = 0
        # 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
        for pair in buckets_tmp:
            if pair not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:
                self.put(pair.key, pair.val)

    def print(self):
        """打印哈希表"""
        for pair in self.buckets:
            if pair is None:
                print("None")
            elif pair is self.TOMBSTONE:
                print("TOMBSTONE")
            else:
                print(pair.key, "->", pair.val)


"""Driver Code"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 初始化哈希表
    hashmap = HashMapOpenAddressing()

    # 添加操作
    # 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val)
    hashmap.put(12836, "小哈")
    hashmap.put(15937, "小啰")
    hashmap.put(16750, "小算")
    hashmap.put(13276, "小法")
    hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭")
    print("\n添加完成后，哈希表为\nKey -> Value")
    hashmap.print()

    # 查询操作
    # 向哈希表输入键 key ，得到值 val
    name = hashmap.get(13276)
    print("\n输入学号 13276 ，查询到姓名 " + name)

    # 删除操作
    # 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
    hashmap.remove(16750)
    print("\n删除 16750 后，哈希表为\nKey -> Value")
    hashmap.print()