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/**
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* File: hash_map_open_addressing.swift
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* Created Time: 2023-06-28
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* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
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*/
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import utils
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/* 開放定址雜湊表 */
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class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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var size: Int // 鍵值對數量
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var capacity: Int // 雜湊表容量
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var loadThres: Double // 觸發擴容的負載因子閾值
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var extendRatio: Int // 擴容倍數
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var buckets: [Pair?] // 桶陣列
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var TOMBSTONE: Pair // 刪除標記
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/* 建構子 */
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init() {
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size = 0
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capacity = 4
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loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0
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extendRatio = 2
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buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)
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TOMBSTONE = Pair(key: -1, val: "-1")
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}
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/* 雜湊函式 */
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func hashFunc(key: Int) -> Int {
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key % capacity
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}
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/* 負載因子 */
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func loadFactor() -> Double {
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Double(size) / Double(capacity)
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}
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/* 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 */
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func findBucket(key: Int) -> Int {
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var index = hashFunc(key: key)
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var firstTombstone = -1
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// 線性探查,當遇到空桶時跳出
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while buckets[index] != nil {
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// 若遇到 key ,返回對應的桶索引
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if buckets[index]!.key == key {
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// 若之前遇到了刪除標記,則將鍵值對移動至該索引處
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if firstTombstone != -1 {
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buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index]
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buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
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return firstTombstone // 返回移動後的桶索引
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}
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return index // 返回桶索引
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}
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// 記錄遇到的首個刪除標記
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if firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE {
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firstTombstone = index
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}
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// 計算桶索引,越過尾部則返回頭部
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index = (index + 1) % capacity
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}
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// 若 key 不存在,則返回新增點的索引
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return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone
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}
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/* 查詢操作 */
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func get(key: Int) -> String? {
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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let index = findBucket(key: key)
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// 若找到鍵值對,則返回對應 val
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if buckets[index] != nil, buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE {
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return buckets[index]!.val
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}
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// 若鍵值對不存在,則返回 null
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return nil
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}
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/* 新增操作 */
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func put(key: Int, val: String) {
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// 當負載因子超過閾值時,執行擴容
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if loadFactor() > loadThres {
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extend()
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}
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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let index = findBucket(key: key)
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// 若找到鍵值對,則覆蓋 val 並返回
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if buckets[index] != nil, buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE {
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buckets[index]!.val = val
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return
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}
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// 若鍵值對不存在,則新增該鍵值對
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buckets[index] = Pair(key: key, val: val)
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size += 1
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}
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/* 刪除操作 */
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func remove(key: Int) {
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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let index = findBucket(key: key)
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// 若找到鍵值對,則用刪除標記覆蓋它
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if buckets[index] != nil, buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE {
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buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
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size -= 1
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}
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}
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/* 擴容雜湊表 */
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func extend() {
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// 暫存原雜湊表
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let bucketsTmp = buckets
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// 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表
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capacity *= extendRatio
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buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)
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size = 0
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// 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表
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for pair in bucketsTmp {
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if let pair, pair != TOMBSTONE {
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put(key: pair.key, val: pair.val)
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}
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}
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}
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/* 列印雜湊表 */
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func print() {
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for pair in buckets {
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if pair == nil {
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Swift.print("null")
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} else if pair == TOMBSTONE {
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Swift.print("TOMBSTONE")
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} else {
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Swift.print("\(pair!.key) -> \(pair!.val)")
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}
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}
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}
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}
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@main
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enum _HashMapOpenAddressing {
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/* Driver Code */
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static func main() {
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/* 初始化雜湊表 */
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let map = HashMapOpenAddressing()
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/* 新增操作 */
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// 在雜湊表中新增鍵值對 (key, value)
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map.put(key: 12836, val: "小哈")
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map.put(key: 15937, val: "小囉")
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map.put(key: 16750, val: "小算")
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map.put(key: 13276, val: "小法")
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map.put(key: 10583, val: "小鴨")
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print("\n新增完成後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value")
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map.print()
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/* 查詢操作 */
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// 向雜湊表中輸入鍵 key ,得到值 value
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let name = map.get(key: 13276)
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print("\n輸入學號 13276 ,查詢到姓名 \(name!)")
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/* 刪除操作 */
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// 在雜湊表中刪除鍵值對 (key, value)
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map.remove(key: 16750)
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print("\n刪除 16750 後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value")
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map.print()
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}
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}
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