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/**
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* File: my_heap.swift
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* Created Time: 2023-01-28
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* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
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*/
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import utils
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/* 大頂堆積 */
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class MaxHeap {
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private var maxHeap: [Int]
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/* 建構子,根據輸入串列建堆積 */
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init(nums: [Int]) {
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// 將串列元素原封不動新增進堆積
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maxHeap = nums
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// 堆積化除葉節點以外的其他所有節點
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for i in (0 ... parent(i: size() - 1)).reversed() {
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siftDown(i: i)
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}
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}
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/* 獲取左子節點的索引 */
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private func left(i: Int) -> Int {
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2 * i + 1
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}
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/* 獲取右子節點的索引 */
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private func right(i: Int) -> Int {
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2 * i + 2
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}
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/* 獲取父節點的索引 */
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private func parent(i: Int) -> Int {
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(i - 1) / 2 // 向下整除
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}
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/* 交換元素 */
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private func swap(i: Int, j: Int) {
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maxHeap.swapAt(i, j)
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}
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/* 獲取堆積大小 */
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func size() -> Int {
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maxHeap.count
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}
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/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
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func isEmpty() -> Bool {
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size() == 0
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}
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/* 訪問堆積頂元素 */
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func peek() -> Int {
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maxHeap[0]
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}
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/* 元素入堆積 */
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func push(val: Int) {
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// 新增節點
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maxHeap.append(val)
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// 從底至頂堆積化
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siftUp(i: size() - 1)
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}
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/* 從節點 i 開始,從底至頂堆積化 */
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private func siftUp(i: Int) {
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var i = i
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while true {
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// 獲取節點 i 的父節點
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let p = parent(i: i)
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// 當“越過根節點”或“節點無須修復”時,結束堆積化
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if p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p] {
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break
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}
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// 交換兩節點
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swap(i: i, j: p)
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// 迴圈向上堆積化
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i = p
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}
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}
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/* 元素出堆積 */
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func pop() -> Int {
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// 判空處理
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if isEmpty() {
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fatalError("堆積為空")
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}
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// 交換根節點與最右葉節點(交換首元素與尾元素)
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swap(i: 0, j: size() - 1)
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// 刪除節點
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let val = maxHeap.remove(at: size() - 1)
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// 從頂至底堆積化
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siftDown(i: 0)
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// 返回堆積頂元素
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return val
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}
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/* 從節點 i 開始,從頂至底堆積化 */
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private func siftDown(i: Int) {
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var i = i
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while true {
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// 判斷節點 i, l, r 中值最大的節點,記為 ma
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let l = left(i: i)
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let r = right(i: i)
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var ma = i
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if l < size(), maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma] {
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ma = l
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}
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if r < size(), maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma] {
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ma = r
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}
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// 若節點 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,則無須繼續堆積化,跳出
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if ma == i {
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break
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}
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// 交換兩節點
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swap(i: i, j: ma)
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// 迴圈向下堆積化
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i = ma
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}
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}
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/* 列印堆積(二元樹) */
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func print() {
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let queue = maxHeap
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PrintUtil.printHeap(queue: queue)
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}
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}
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@main
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enum MyHeap {
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/* Driver Code */
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static func main() {
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/* 初始化大頂堆積 */
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let maxHeap = MaxHeap(nums: [9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2])
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print("\n輸入串列並建堆積後")
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maxHeap.print()
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/* 獲取堆積頂元素 */
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var peek = maxHeap.peek()
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print("\n堆積頂元素為 \(peek)")
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/* 元素入堆積 */
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let val = 7
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maxHeap.push(val: val)
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print("\n元素 \(val) 入堆積後")
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maxHeap.print()
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/* 堆積頂元素出堆積 */
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peek = maxHeap.pop()
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print("\n堆積頂元素 \(peek) 出堆積後")
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maxHeap.print()
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/* 獲取堆積大小 */
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let size = maxHeap.size()
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print("\n堆積元素數量為 \(size)")
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/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
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let isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty()
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print("\n堆積是否為空 \(isEmpty)")
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}
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}
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