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/**
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* File: my_heap.cpp
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* Created Time: 2023-02-04
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* Author: LoneRanger (836253168@qq.com), what-is-me (whatisme@outlook.jp)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.hpp"
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/* 大顶堆 */
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class MaxHeap {
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private:
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// 使用动态数组,这样无须考虑扩容问题
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vector<int> maxHeap;
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/* 获取左子节点索引 */
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int left(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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/* 获取右子节点索引 */
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int right(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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/* 获取父节点索引 */
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int parent(int i) {
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return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下整除
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}
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/* 从节点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
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void siftUp(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 获取节点 i 的父节点
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int p = parent(i);
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// 当“越过根节点”或“节点无须修复”时,结束堆化
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if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])
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break;
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// 交换两节点
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swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]);
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// 循环向上堆化
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i = p;
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}
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}
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/* 从节点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
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void siftDown(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 判断节点 i, l, r 中值最大的节点,记为 ma
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int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
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if (l < size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])
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ma = l;
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if (r < size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])
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ma = r;
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// 若节点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无须继续堆化,跳出
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if (ma == i)
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break;
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swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[ma]);
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// 循环向下堆化
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i = ma;
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}
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}
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public:
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/* 构造方法,根据输入列表建堆 */
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MaxHeap(vector<int> nums) {
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// 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
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maxHeap = nums;
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// 堆化除叶节点以外的其他所有节点
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for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
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siftDown(i);
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}
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}
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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int size() {
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return maxHeap.size();
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}
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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bool isEmpty() {
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return size() == 0;
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}
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/* 访问堆顶元素 */
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int peek() {
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return maxHeap[0];
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}
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/* 元素入堆 */
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void push(int val) {
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// 添加节点
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maxHeap.push_back(val);
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// 从底至顶堆化
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siftUp(size() - 1);
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}
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/* 元素出堆 */
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void pop() {
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// 判空处理
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if (isEmpty()) {
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throw out_of_range("堆为空");
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}
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// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(交换首元素与尾元素)
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swap(maxHeap[0], maxHeap[size() - 1]);
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// 删除节点
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maxHeap.pop_back();
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// 从顶至底堆化
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siftDown(0);
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}
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/* 打印堆(二叉树)*/
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void print() {
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cout << "堆的数组表示:";
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printVector(maxHeap);
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cout << "堆的树状表示:" << endl;
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TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(maxHeap);
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printTree(root);
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freeMemoryTree(root);
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}
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};
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化大顶堆 */
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vector<int> vec{9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2};
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MaxHeap maxHeap(vec);
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cout << "\n输入列表并建堆后" << endl;
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 获取堆顶元素 */
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int peek = maxHeap.peek();
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cout << "\n堆顶元素为 " << peek << endl;
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/* 元素入堆 */
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int val = 7;
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maxHeap.push(val);
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cout << "\n元素 " << val << " 入堆后" << endl;
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
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peek = maxHeap.peek();
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maxHeap.pop();
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cout << "\n堆顶元素 " << peek << " 出堆后" << endl;
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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int size = maxHeap.size();
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cout << "\n堆元素数量为 " << size << endl;
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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bool isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
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cout << "\n堆是否为空 " << isEmpty << endl;
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return 0;
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}
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