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/**
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* File: recursion.swift
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* Created Time: 2023-09-02
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* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
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*/
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/* 递归 */
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func recur(n: Int) -> Int {
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// 终止条件
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if n == 1 {
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return 1
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}
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// 递:递归调用
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let res = recur(n: n - 1)
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// 归:返回结果
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return n + res
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}
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/* 使用迭代模拟递归 */
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func forLoopRecur(n: Int) -> Int {
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// 使用一个显式的栈来模拟系统调用栈
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var stack: [Int] = []
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var res = 0
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// 递:递归调用
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for i in stride(from: n, to: 0, by: -1) {
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// 通过“入栈操作”模拟“递”
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stack.append(i)
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}
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// 归:返回结果
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while !stack.isEmpty {
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// 通过“出栈操作”模拟“归”
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res += stack.removeLast()
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}
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// res = 1+2+3+...+n
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return res
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}
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/* 尾递归 */
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func tailRecur(n: Int, res: Int) -> Int {
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// 终止条件
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if n == 0 {
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return res
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}
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// 尾递归调用
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return tailRecur(n: n - 1, res: res + n)
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}
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/* 斐波那契数列:递归 */
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func fib(n: Int) -> Int {
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// 终止条件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
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if n == 1 || n == 2 {
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return n - 1
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}
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// 递归调用 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
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let res = fib(n: n - 1) + fib(n: n - 2)
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// 返回结果 f(n)
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return res
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}
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@main
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enum Recursion {
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/* Driver Code */
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static func main() {
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let n = 5
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var res = 0
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res = recursion.recur(n: n)
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print("\n递归函数的求和结果 res = \(res)")
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res = recursion.forLoopRecur(n: n)
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print("\n使用迭代模拟递归求和结果 res = \(res)")
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res = recursion.tailRecur(n: n, res: 0)
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print("\n尾递归函数的求和结果 res = \(res)")
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res = recursion.fib(n: n)
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print("\n斐波那契数列的第 \(n) 项为 \(res)")
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}
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}
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