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hello-algo/codes/csharp/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.cs

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/**
* File: array_binary_tree.cs
* Created Time: 2023-07-20
* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
*/
namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree;
/* 数组表示下的二叉树类 */
public class ArrayBinaryTree {
private List<int?> tree;
/* 构造方法 */
public ArrayBinaryTree(List<int?> arr) {
tree = new List<int?>(arr);
}
/* 节点数量 */
public int size() {
return tree.Count;
}
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的值 */
public int? val(int i) {
// 若索引越界,则返回 null ,代表空位
if (i < 0 || i >= size())
return null;
return tree[i];
}
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的左子节点的索引 */
public int left(int i) {
return 2 * i + 1;
}
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的右子节点的索引 */
public int right(int i) {
return 2 * i + 2;
}
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的父节点的索引 */
public int parent(int i) {
return (i - 1) / 2;
}
/* 层序遍历 */
public List<int> levelOrder() {
List<int> res = new List<int>();
// 直接遍历数组
for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
if (val(i).HasValue)
res.Add(val(i).Value);
}
return res;
}
/* 深度优先遍历 */
private void dfs(int i, string order, List<int> res) {
// 若为空位,则返回
if (!val(i).HasValue)
return;
// 前序遍历
if (order == "pre")
res.Add(val(i).Value);
dfs(left(i), order, res);
// 中序遍历
if (order == "in")
res.Add(val(i).Value);
dfs(right(i), order, res);
// 后序遍历
if (order == "post")
res.Add(val(i).Value);
}
/* 前序遍历 */
public List<int> preOrder() {
List<int> res = new List<int>();
dfs(0, "pre", res);
return res;
}
/* 中序遍历 */
public List<int> inOrder() {
List<int> res = new List<int>();
dfs(0, "in", res);
return res;
}
/* 后序遍历 */
public List<int> postOrder() {
List<int> res = new List<int>();
dfs(0, "post", res);
return res;
}
}
public class array_binary_tree {
[Test]
public void Test() {
// 初始化二叉树
// 这里借助了一个从数组直接生成二叉树的函数
List<int?> arr = new List<int?> { 1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15 };
TreeNode root = TreeNode.ListToTree(arr);
Console.WriteLine("\n初始化二叉树\n");
Console.WriteLine("二叉树的数组表示:");
Console.WriteLine(arr.PrintList());
Console.WriteLine("二叉树的链表表示:");
PrintUtil.PrintTree(root);
// 数组表示下的二叉树类
ArrayBinaryTree abt = new ArrayBinaryTree(arr);
// 访问节点
int i = 1;
int l = abt.left(i);
int r = abt.right(i);
int p = abt.parent(i);
Console.WriteLine("\n当前节点的索引为 " + i + " ,值为 " + abt.val(i));
Console.WriteLine("其左子节点的索引为 " + l + " ,值为 " + (abt.val(l).HasValue ? abt.val(l) : "null"));
Console.WriteLine("其右子节点的索引为 " + r + " ,值为 " + (abt.val(r).HasValue ? abt.val(r) : "null"));
Console.WriteLine("其父节点的索引为 " + p + " ,值为 " + (abt.val(p).HasValue ? abt.val(p) : "null"));
// 遍历树
List<int> res = abt.levelOrder();
Console.WriteLine("\n层序遍历为" + res.PrintList());
res = abt.preOrder();
Console.WriteLine("前序遍历为:" + res.PrintList());
res = abt.inOrder();
Console.WriteLine("中序遍历为:" + res.PrintList());
res = abt.postOrder();
Console.WriteLine("后序遍历为:" + res.PrintList());
}
}