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/**
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* File: my_heap.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-02-06
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* Author: zjkung1123 (zjkung1123@gmail.com)
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*/
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using hello_algo.include;
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using NUnit.Framework;
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_heap;
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/* 大顶堆 */
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class MaxHeap
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{
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// 使用列表而非数组,这样无需考虑扩容问题
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private readonly List<int> maxHeap;
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/* 构造函数,建立空堆 */
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public MaxHeap()
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{
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maxHeap = new List<int>();
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}
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/* 构造函数,根据输入列表建堆 */
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public MaxHeap(IEnumerable<int> nums)
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{
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// 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
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maxHeap = new List<int>(nums);
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// 堆化除叶结点以外的其他所有结点
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var size = parent(this.size() - 1);
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for (int i = size; i >= 0; i--)
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{
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siftDown(i);
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}
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}
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/* 获取左子结点索引 */
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int left(int i)
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{
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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/* 获取右子结点索引 */
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int right(int i)
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{
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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/* 获取父结点索引 */
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int parent(int i)
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{
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return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下整除
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}
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/* 访问堆顶元素 */
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public int peek()
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{
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return maxHeap[0];
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}
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/* 元素入堆 */
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public void push(int val)
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{
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// 添加结点
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maxHeap.Add(val);
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// 从底至顶堆化
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siftUp(size() - 1);
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}
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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public int size()
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{
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return maxHeap.Count;
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}
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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public bool isEmpty()
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{
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return size() == 0;
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}
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/* 从结点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
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void siftUp(int i)
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{
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while (true)
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{
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// 获取结点 i 的父结点
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int p = parent(i);
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// 若“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”,则结束堆化
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if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])
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break;
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// 交换两结点
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swap(i, p);
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// 循环向上堆化
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i = p;
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}
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}
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/* 元素出堆 */
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public int pop()
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{
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// 判空处理
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if (isEmpty())
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throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
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// 交换根结点与最右叶结点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
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swap(0, size() - 1);
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// 删除结点
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int val = maxHeap.Last();
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maxHeap.RemoveAt(size() - 1);
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// 从顶至底堆化
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siftDown(0);
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// 返回堆顶元素
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return val;
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}
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/* 从结点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
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void siftDown(int i)
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{
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while (true)
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{
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// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点,记为 ma
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int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
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if (l < size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])
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ma = l;
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if (r < size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])
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ma = r;
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// 若“结点 i 最大”或“越过叶结点”,则结束堆化
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if (ma == i) break;
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// 交换两结点
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swap(i, ma);
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// 循环向下堆化
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i = ma;
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}
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}
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/* 交换元素 */
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void swap(int i, int p)
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{
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(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]) = (maxHeap[p], maxHeap[i]);
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}
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/* 打印堆(二叉树) */
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public void print()
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{
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var queue = new Queue<int>(maxHeap);
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PrintUtil.printHeap(queue);
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}
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}
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public class my_heap
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{
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[Test]
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public void Test()
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{
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/* 初始化大顶堆 */
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MaxHeap maxHeap = new MaxHeap(new int[] { 9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2 });
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Console.WriteLine("\n输入列表并建堆后");
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 获取堆顶元素 */
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int peek = maxHeap.peek();
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Console.WriteLine($"堆顶元素为 {peek}");
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/* 元素入堆 */
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int val = 7;
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maxHeap.push(val);
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Console.WriteLine($"元素 {val} 入堆后");
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
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peek = maxHeap.pop();
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Console.WriteLine($"堆顶元素 {peek} 出堆后");
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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int size = maxHeap.size();
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Console.WriteLine($"堆元素数量为 {size}");
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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bool isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
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Console.WriteLine($"堆是否为空 {isEmpty}");
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}
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}
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