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/**
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* File: binary_search_tree.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-04-04
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* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
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*/
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import '../utils/print_util.dart';
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import '../utils/tree_node.dart';
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/* 二叉搜索树 */
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TreeNode? root;
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void binarySearchTree(List<int> nums) {
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nums.sort(); // 排序数组
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root = buildTree(nums, 0, nums.length - 1); // 构建二叉搜索树
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}
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/* 获取二叉树的根结点 */
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TreeNode? getRoot() {
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return root;
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}
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/* 构建二叉上搜索树 */
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TreeNode? buildTree(List<int> nums, int i, int j) {
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if (i > j) {
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return null;
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}
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// 将数组中间结点作为根结点
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int mid = (i + j) ~/ 2;
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TreeNode? root = TreeNode(nums[mid]);
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root.left = buildTree(nums, i, mid - 1);
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root.right = buildTree(nums, mid + 1, j);
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return root;
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}
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/* 查找结点 */
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TreeNode? search(int num) {
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TreeNode? cur = root;
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// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 目标结点在 cur 的右子树中
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if (cur.val < num)
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cur = cur.right;
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// 目标结点在 cur 的左子树中
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else if (cur.val > num)
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cur = cur.left;
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// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
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else
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break;
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}
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// 返回目标结点
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return cur;
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}
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/* 插入结点 */
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TreeNode? insert(int num) {
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// 若树为空,直接提前返回
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if (root == null) return null;
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TreeNode? cur = root;
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TreeNode? pre = null;
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// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 找到重复结点,直接返回
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if (cur.val == num) return null;
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pre = cur;
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// 插入位置在 cur 的右子树中
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if (cur.val < num)
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cur = cur.right;
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// 插入位置在 cur 的左子树中
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else
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cur = cur.left;
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}
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// 插入结点 val
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TreeNode? node = TreeNode(num);
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if (pre!.val < num)
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pre.right = node;
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else
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pre.left = node;
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return node;
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}
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/* 删除结点 */
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TreeNode? remove(int num) {
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// 若树为空,直接提前返回
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if (root == null) return null;
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TreeNode? cur = root;
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TreeNode? pre = null;
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// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 找到待删除结点,跳出循环
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if (cur.val == num) break;
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pre = cur;
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// 待删除结点在 cur 的右子树中
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if (cur.val < num)
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cur = cur.right;
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// 待删除结点在 cur 的左子树中
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else
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cur = cur.left;
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}
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// 若无待删除结点,直接返回
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if (cur == null) return null;
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// 子结点数量 = 0 or 1
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if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {
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// 当子结点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = null / 该子结点
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TreeNode? child = cur.left ?? cur.right;
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// 删除结点 cur
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if (pre!.left == cur)
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pre.left = child;
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else
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pre.right = child;
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} else {
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// 子结点数量 = 2
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// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个结点
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TreeNode? nex = getInOrderNext(cur.right);
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int tem = nex!.val;
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// 递归删除结点 nex
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remove(nex.val);
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// 将 nex 的值复制给 cur
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cur.val = tem;
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}
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return cur;
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}
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/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
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TreeNode? getInOrderNext(TreeNode? root) {
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if (root == null) return null;
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// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
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while (root!.left != null) {
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root = root.left;
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}
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return root;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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void main() {
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/* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
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List<int> nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15];
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binarySearchTree(nums);
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print("\n初始化的二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot());
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/* 查找结点 */
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TreeNode? node = search(7);
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print("\n查找到的结点对象为 $node,结点值 = ${node?.val}");
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/* 插入结点 */
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node = insert(16);
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print("\n插入结点 16 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot());
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/* 删除结点 */
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remove(1);
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print("\n删除结点 1 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot());
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remove(2);
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print("\n删除结点 2 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot());
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remove(4);
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print("\n删除结点 4 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot());
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}
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