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hello-algo/codes/ruby/chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance.rb

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3.6 KiB

=begin
File: edit_distance.rb
Created Time: 2024-05-29
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 编辑距离:暴力搜索 ###
def edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i, j)
# 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
return 0 if i == 0 && j == 0
# 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
return j if i == 0
# 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
return i if j == 0
# 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
return edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i - 1, j - 1) if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]
# 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
insert = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i, j - 1)
delete = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i - 1, j)
replace = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i - 1, j - 1)
# 返回最少编辑步数
[insert, delete, replace].min + 1
end
def edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i, j)
# 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
return 0 if i == 0 && j == 0
# 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
return j if i == 0
# 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
return i if j == 0
# 若已有记录,则直接返回之
return mem[i][j] if mem[i][j] != -1
# 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
return edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1) if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]
# 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
insert = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i, j - 1)
delete = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j)
replace = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1)
# 记录并返回最少编辑步数
mem[i][j] = [insert, delete, replace].min + 1
end
### 编辑距离:动态规划 ###
def edit_distance_dp(s, t)
n, m = s.length, t.length
dp = Array.new(n + 1) { Array.new(m + 1, 0) }
# 状态转移:首行首列
(1...(n + 1)).each { |i| dp[i][0] = i }
(1...(m + 1)).each { |j| dp[0][j] = j }
# 状态转移:其余行和列
for i in 1...(n + 1)
for j in 1...(m +1)
if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]
# 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]
else
# 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i][j] = [dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]].min + 1
end
end
end
dp[n][m]
end
### 编辑距离:空间优化后的动态规划 ###
def edit_distance_dp_comp(s, t)
n, m = s.length, t.length
dp = Array.new(m + 1, 0)
# 状态转移:首行
(1...(m + 1)).each { |j| dp[j] = j }
# 状态转移:其余行
for i in 1...(n + 1)
# 状态转移:首列
leftup = dp.first # 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] += 1
# 状态转移:其余列
for j in 1...(m + 1)
temp = dp[j]
if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]
# 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup
else
# 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = [dp[j - 1], dp[j], leftup].min + 1
end
leftup = temp # 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
end
end
dp[m]
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
s = 'bag'
t = 'pack'
n, m = s.length, t.length
# 暴力搜索
res = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, n, m)
puts "#{s} 更改为 #{t} 最少需要编辑 #{res}"
# 记忆化搜索
mem = Array.new(n + 1) { Array.new(m + 1, -1) }
res = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, n, m)
puts "#{s} 更改为 #{t} 最少需要编辑 #{res}"
# 动态规划
res = edit_distance_dp(s, t)
puts "#{s} 更改为 #{t} 最少需要编辑 #{res}"
# 空间优化后的动态规划
res = edit_distance_dp_comp(s, t)
puts "#{s} 更改为 #{t} 最少需要编辑 #{res}"
end