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148 lines
3.9 KiB
148 lines
3.9 KiB
7 months ago
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=begin
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File: hash_map_open_addressing.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-13
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require_relative './array_hash_map'
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### 開放定址雜湊表 ###
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class HashMapOpenAddressing
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TOMBSTONE = Pair.new(-1, '-1') # 刪除標記
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### 建構子 ###
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def initialize
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@size = 0 # 鍵值對數量
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@capacity = 4 # 雜湊表容量
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@load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0 # 觸發擴容的負載因子閾值
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@extend_ratio = 2 # 擴容倍數
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@buckets = Array.new(@capacity) # 桶陣列
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end
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### 雜湊函式 ###
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def hash_func(key)
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key % @capacity
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end
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### 負載因子 ###
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def load_factor
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@size / @capacity
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end
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### 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 ###
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def find_bucket(key)
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index = hash_func(key)
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first_tombstone = -1
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# 線性探查,當遇到空桶時跳出
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while !@buckets[index].nil?
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# 若遇到 key ,返回對應的桶索引
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if @buckets[index].key == key
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# 若之前遇到了刪除標記,則將鍵值對移動至該索引處
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if first_tombstone != -1
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@buckets[first_tombstone] = @buckets[index]
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@buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
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return first_tombstone # 返回移動後的桶索引
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end
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return index # 返回桶索引
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end
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# 記錄遇到的首個刪除標記
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first_tombstone = index if first_tombstone == -1 && @buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE
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# 計算桶索引,越過尾部則返回頭部
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index = (index + 1) % @capacity
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end
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# 若 key 不存在,則返回新增點的索引
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first_tombstone == -1 ? index : first_tombstone
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end
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### 查詢操作 ###
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def get(key)
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# 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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index = find_bucket(key)
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# 若找到鍵值對,則返回對應 val
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return @buckets[index].val unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
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# 若鍵值對不存在,則返回 nil
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nil
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end
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### 新增操作 ###
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def put(key, val)
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# 當負載因子超過閾值時,執行擴容
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extend if load_factor > @load_thres
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# 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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index = find_bucket(key)
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# 若找到鍵值對,則覆蓋 val 開返回
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unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
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@buckets[index].val = val
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return
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end
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# 若鍵值對不存在,則新增該鍵值對
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@buckets[index] = Pair.new(key, val)
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@size += 1
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end
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### 刪除操作 ###
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def remove(key)
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# 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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index = find_bucket(key)
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# 若找到鍵值對,則用刪除標記覆蓋它
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unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
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@buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
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@size -= 1
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end
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end
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### 擴容雜湊表 ###
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def extend
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# 暫存原雜湊表
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buckets_tmp = @buckets
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# 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表
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@capacity *= @extend_ratio
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@buckets = Array.new(@capacity)
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@size = 0
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# 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表
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for pair in buckets_tmp
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put(pair.key, pair.val) unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(pair)
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end
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end
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### 列印雜湊表 ###
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def print
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for pair in @buckets
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if pair.nil?
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puts "Nil"
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elsif pair == TOMBSTONE
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puts "TOMBSTONE"
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else
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puts "#{pair.key} -> #{pair.val}"
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end
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end
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end
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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# 初始化雜湊表
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hashmap = HashMapOpenAddressing.new
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# 新增操作
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# 在雜湊表中新增鍵值對 (key, val)
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hashmap.put(12836, "小哈")
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hashmap.put(15937, "小囉")
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hashmap.put(16750, "小算")
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hashmap.put(13276, "小法")
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hashmap.put(10583, "小鴨")
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puts "\n新增完成後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value"
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hashmap.print
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# 查詢操作
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# 向雜湊表中輸入鍵 key ,得到值 val
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name = hashmap.get(13276)
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puts "\n輸入學號 13276 ,查詢到姓名 #{name}"
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# 刪除操作
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# 在雜湊表中刪除鍵值對 (key, val)
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hashmap.remove(16750)
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puts "\n刪除 16750 後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value"
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hashmap.print
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end
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