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/**
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* File: recursion.kt
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* Created Time: 2024-01-25
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* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
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*/
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package chapter_computational_complexity.recursion
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import java.util.*
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/* 递归 */
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fun recur(n: Int): Int {
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// 终止条件
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if (n == 1)
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return 1
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// 递: 递归调用
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val res = recur(n - 1)
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// 归: 返回结果
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return n + res
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}
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/* 使用迭代模拟递归 */
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fun forLoopRecur(n: Int): Int {
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// 使用一个显式的栈来模拟系统调用栈
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val stack = Stack<Int>()
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var res = 0
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// 递: 递归调用
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for (i in n downTo 0) {
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// 通过“入栈操作”模拟“递”
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stack.push(i)
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}
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// 归: 返回结果
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while (stack.isNotEmpty()) {
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// 通过“出栈操作”模拟“归”
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res += stack.pop()
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}
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// res = 1+2+3+...+n
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return res
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}
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/* 尾递归 */
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tailrec fun tailRecur(n: Int, res: Int): Int {
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// 添加 tailrec 关键词,以开启尾递归优化
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// 终止条件
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if (n == 0)
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return res
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// 尾递归调用
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return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n)
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}
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/* 斐波那契数列:递归 */
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fun fib(n: Int): Int {
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// 终止条件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
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if (n == 1 || n == 2)
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return n - 1
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// 递归调用 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
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val res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
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// 返回结果 f(n)
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return res
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fun main() {
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val n = 5
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var res: Int
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res = recur(n)
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println("\n递归函数的求和结果 res = $res")
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res = forLoopRecur(n)
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println("\n使用迭代模拟递归求和结果 res = $res")
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res = tailRecur(n, 0)
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println("\n尾递归函数的求和结果 res = $res")
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res = fib(n)
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println("\n斐波那契数列的第 $n 项为 $res")
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}
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