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/**
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* File: min_path_sum.kt
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* Created Time: 2024-01-25
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* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
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*/
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package chapter_dynamic_programming
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import kotlin.math.min
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/* 最小路径和:暴力搜索 */
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fun minPathSumDFS(grid: Array<IntArray>, i: Int, j: Int): Int {
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// 若为左上角单元格,则终止搜索
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if (i == 0 && j == 0) {
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return grid[0][0]
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}
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// 若行列索引越界,则返回 +∞ 代价
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if (i < 0 || j < 0) {
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return Int.MAX_VALUE
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}
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// 计算从左上角到 (i-1, j) 和 (i, j-1) 的最小路径代价
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val up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j)
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val left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1)
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// 返回从左上角到 (i, j) 的最小路径代价
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return min(left, up) + grid[i][j]
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}
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/* 最小路径和:记忆化搜索 */
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fun minPathSumDFSMem(
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grid: Array<IntArray>,
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mem: Array<IntArray>,
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i: Int,
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j: Int
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): Int {
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// 若为左上角单元格,则终止搜索
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if (i == 0 && j == 0) {
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return grid[0][0]
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}
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// 若行列索引越界,则返回 +∞ 代价
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if (i < 0 || j < 0) {
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return Int.MAX_VALUE
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}
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// 若已有记录,则直接返回
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if (mem[i][j] != -1) {
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return mem[i][j]
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}
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// 左边和上边单元格的最小路径代价
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val up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j)
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val left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1)
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// 记录并返回左上角到 (i, j) 的最小路径代价
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mem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j]
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return mem[i][j]
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}
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/* 最小路径和:动态规划 */
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fun minPathSumDP(grid: Array<IntArray>): Int {
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val n = grid.size
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val m = grid[0].size
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// 初始化 dp 表
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val dp = Array(n) { IntArray(m) }
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dp[0][0] = grid[0][0]
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// 状态转移:首行
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for (j in 1..<m) {
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dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j]
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}
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// 状态转移:首列
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for (i in 1..<n) {
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dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0]
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}
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// 状态转移:其余行和列
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for (i in 1..<n) {
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for (j in 1..<m) {
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dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j]
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}
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}
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return dp[n - 1][m - 1]
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}
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/* 最小路径和:空间优化后的动态规划 */
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fun minPathSumDPComp(grid: Array<IntArray>): Int {
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val n = grid.size
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val m = grid[0].size
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// 初始化 dp 表
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val dp = IntArray(m)
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// 状态转移:首行
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dp[0] = grid[0][0]
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for (j in 1..<m) {
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dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j]
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}
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// 状态转移:其余行
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for (i in 1..<n) {
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// 状态转移:首列
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dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]
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// 状态转移:其余列
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for (j in 1..<m) {
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dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j]
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}
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}
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return dp[m - 1]
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fun main() {
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val grid = arrayOf(
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intArrayOf(1, 3, 1, 5),
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intArrayOf(2, 2, 4, 2),
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intArrayOf(5, 3, 2, 1),
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intArrayOf(4, 3, 5, 2)
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)
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val n = grid.size
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val m = grid[0].size
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// 暴力搜索
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var res = minPathSumDFS(grid, n - 1, m - 1)
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println("从左上角到右下角的最小路径和为 $res")
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// 记忆化搜索
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val mem = Array(n) { IntArray(m) }
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for (row in mem) {
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row.fill(-1)
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}
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res = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, n - 1, m - 1)
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println("从左上角到右下角的最小路径和为 $res")
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// 动态规划
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res = minPathSumDP(grid)
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println("从左上角到右下角的最小路径和为 $res")
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// 空间优化后的动态规划
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res = minPathSumDPComp(grid)
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println("从左上角到右下角的最小路径和为 $res")
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}
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