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147 lines
3.7 KiB
147 lines
3.7 KiB
8 months ago
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/**
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* File: array_deque.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-03-28
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* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 基於環形陣列實現的雙向佇列 */
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class ArrayDeque {
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late List<int> _nums; // 用於儲存雙向佇列元素的陣列
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late int _front; // 佇列首指標,指向佇列首元素
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late int _queSize; // 雙向佇列長度
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/* 建構子 */
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ArrayDeque(int capacity) {
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this._nums = List.filled(capacity, 0);
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this._front = this._queSize = 0;
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}
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/* 獲取雙向佇列的容量 */
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int capacity() {
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return _nums.length;
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}
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/* 獲取雙向佇列的長度 */
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int size() {
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return _queSize;
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}
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/* 判斷雙向佇列是否為空 */
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bool isEmpty() {
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return _queSize == 0;
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}
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/* 計算環形陣列索引 */
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int index(int i) {
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// 透過取餘操作實現陣列首尾相連
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// 當 i 越過陣列尾部後,回到頭部
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// 當 i 越過陣列頭部後,回到尾部
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return (i + capacity()) % capacity();
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}
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/* 佇列首入列 */
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void pushFirst(int _num) {
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if (_queSize == capacity()) {
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throw Exception("雙向佇列已滿");
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}
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// 佇列首指標向左移動一位
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// 透過取餘操作實現 _front 越過陣列頭部後回到尾部
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_front = index(_front - 1);
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// 將 _num 新增至佇列首
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_nums[_front] = _num;
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_queSize++;
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}
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/* 佇列尾入列 */
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void pushLast(int _num) {
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if (_queSize == capacity()) {
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throw Exception("雙向佇列已滿");
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}
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// 計算佇列尾指標,指向佇列尾索引 + 1
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int rear = index(_front + _queSize);
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// 將 _num 新增至佇列尾
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_nums[rear] = _num;
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_queSize++;
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}
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/* 佇列首出列 */
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int popFirst() {
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int _num = peekFirst();
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// 佇列首指標向右移動一位
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_front = index(_front + 1);
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_queSize--;
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return _num;
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}
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/* 佇列尾出列 */
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int popLast() {
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int _num = peekLast();
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_queSize--;
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return _num;
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}
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/* 訪問佇列首元素 */
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int peekFirst() {
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if (isEmpty()) {
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throw Exception("雙向佇列為空");
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}
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return _nums[_front];
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}
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/* 訪問佇列尾元素 */
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int peekLast() {
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if (isEmpty()) {
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throw Exception("雙向佇列為空");
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}
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// 計算尾元素索引
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int last = index(_front + _queSize - 1);
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return _nums[last];
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}
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/* 返回陣列用於列印 */
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List<int> toArray() {
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// 僅轉換有效長度範圍內的串列元素
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List<int> res = List.filled(_queSize, 0);
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for (int i = 0, j = _front; i < _queSize; i++, j++) {
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res[i] = _nums[index(j)];
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}
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return res;
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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void main() {
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/* 初始化雙向佇列 */
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final ArrayDeque deque = ArrayDeque(10);
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deque.pushLast(3);
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deque.pushLast(2);
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deque.pushLast(5);
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print("雙向佇列 deque = ${deque.toArray()}");
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/* 訪問元素 */
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final int peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();
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print("佇列首元素 peekFirst = $peekFirst");
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final int peekLast = deque.peekLast();
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print("佇列尾元素 peekLast = $peekLast");
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/* 元素入列 */
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deque.pushLast(4);
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print("元素 4 佇列尾入列後 deque = ${deque.toArray()}");
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deque.pushFirst(1);
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print("元素 1 佇列首入列後 deque = ${deque.toArray()}");
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/* 元素出列 */
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final int popLast = deque.popLast();
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print("佇列尾出列元素 = $popLast ,佇列尾出列後 deque = ${deque.toArray()}");
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final int popFirst = deque.popFirst();
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print("佇列首出列元素 = $popFirst ,佇列首出列後 deque = ${deque.toArray()}");
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/* 獲取雙向佇列的長度 */
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final int size = deque.size();
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print("雙向佇列長度 size = $size");
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/* 判斷雙向佇列是否為空 */
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final bool isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();
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print("雙向佇列是否為空 = $isEmpty");
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}
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