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160 lines
4.3 KiB
160 lines
4.3 KiB
8 months ago
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/**
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* File: my_heap.java
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* Created Time: 2023-01-07
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* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_heap;
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import utils.*;
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import java.util.*;
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/* 大頂堆積 */
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class MaxHeap {
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// 使用串列而非陣列,這樣無須考慮擴容問題
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private List<Integer> maxHeap;
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/* 建構子,根據輸入串列建堆積 */
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public MaxHeap(List<Integer> nums) {
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// 將串列元素原封不動新增進堆積
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maxHeap = new ArrayList<>(nums);
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// 堆積化除葉節點以外的其他所有節點
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for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
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siftDown(i);
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}
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}
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/* 獲取左子節點的索引 */
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private int left(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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/* 獲取右子節點的索引 */
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private int right(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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/* 獲取父節點的索引 */
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private int parent(int i) {
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return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下整除
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}
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/* 交換元素 */
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private void swap(int i, int j) {
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int tmp = maxHeap.get(i);
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maxHeap.set(i, maxHeap.get(j));
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maxHeap.set(j, tmp);
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}
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/* 獲取堆積大小 */
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public int size() {
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return maxHeap.size();
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}
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/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
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public boolean isEmpty() {
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return size() == 0;
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}
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/* 訪問堆積頂元素 */
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public int peek() {
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return maxHeap.get(0);
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}
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/* 元素入堆積 */
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public void push(int val) {
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// 新增節點
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maxHeap.add(val);
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// 從底至頂堆積化
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siftUp(size() - 1);
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}
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/* 從節點 i 開始,從底至頂堆積化 */
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private void siftUp(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 獲取節點 i 的父節點
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int p = parent(i);
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// 當“越過根節點”或“節點無須修復”時,結束堆積化
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if (p < 0 || maxHeap.get(i) <= maxHeap.get(p))
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break;
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// 交換兩節點
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swap(i, p);
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// 迴圈向上堆積化
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i = p;
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}
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}
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/* 元素出堆積 */
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public int pop() {
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// 判空處理
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if (isEmpty())
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throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
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// 交換根節點與最右葉節點(交換首元素與尾元素)
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swap(0, size() - 1);
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// 刪除節點
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int val = maxHeap.remove(size() - 1);
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// 從頂至底堆積化
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siftDown(0);
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// 返回堆積頂元素
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return val;
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}
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/* 從節點 i 開始,從頂至底堆積化 */
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private void siftDown(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 判斷節點 i, l, r 中值最大的節點,記為 ma
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int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
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if (l < size() && maxHeap.get(l) > maxHeap.get(ma))
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ma = l;
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if (r < size() && maxHeap.get(r) > maxHeap.get(ma))
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ma = r;
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// 若節點 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,則無須繼續堆積化,跳出
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if (ma == i)
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break;
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// 交換兩節點
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swap(i, ma);
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// 迴圈向下堆積化
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i = ma;
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}
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}
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/* 列印堆積(二元樹) */
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public void print() {
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Queue<Integer> queue = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> { return b - a; });
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queue.addAll(maxHeap);
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PrintUtil.printHeap(queue);
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}
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}
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public class my_heap {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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/* 初始化大頂堆積 */
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MaxHeap maxHeap = new MaxHeap(Arrays.asList(9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2));
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System.out.println("\n輸入串列並建堆積後");
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 獲取堆積頂元素 */
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int peek = maxHeap.peek();
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System.out.format("\n堆積頂元素為 %d\n", peek);
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/* 元素入堆積 */
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int val = 7;
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maxHeap.push(val);
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System.out.format("\n元素 %d 入堆積後\n", val);
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 堆積頂元素出堆積 */
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peek = maxHeap.pop();
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System.out.format("\n堆積頂元素 %d 出堆積後\n", peek);
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 獲取堆積大小 */
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int size = maxHeap.size();
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System.out.format("\n堆積元素數量為 %d\n", size);
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/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
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boolean isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
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System.out.format("\n堆積是否為空 %b\n", isEmpty);
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}
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}
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