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/**
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* File: hash_map_open_addressing.kt
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* Created Time: 2024-01-25
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* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
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*/
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package chapter_hashing
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/* 開放定址雜湊表 */
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class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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private var size: Int // 鍵值對數量
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private var capacity: Int // 雜湊表容量
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private val loadThres: Double // 觸發擴容的負載因子閾值
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private val extendRatio: Int // 擴容倍數
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private var buckets: Array<Pair?> // 桶陣列
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private val TOMBSTONE: Pair // 刪除標記
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/* 建構子 */
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init {
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size = 0
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capacity = 4
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loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0
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extendRatio = 2
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buckets = arrayOfNulls(capacity)
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TOMBSTONE = Pair(-1, "-1")
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}
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/* 雜湊函式 */
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fun hashFunc(key: Int): Int {
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return key % capacity
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}
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/* 負載因子 */
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fun loadFactor(): Double {
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return (size / capacity).toDouble()
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}
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/* 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 */
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fun findBucket(key: Int): Int {
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var index = hashFunc(key)
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var firstTombstone = -1
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// 線性探查,當遇到空桶時跳出
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while (buckets[index] != null) {
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// 若遇到 key ,返回對應的桶索引
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if (buckets[index]?.key == key) {
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// 若之前遇到了刪除標記,則將鍵值對移動至該索引處
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if (firstTombstone != -1) {
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buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index]
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buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
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return firstTombstone // 返回移動後的桶索引
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}
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return index // 返回桶索引
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}
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// 記錄遇到的首個刪除標記
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if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
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firstTombstone = index
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}
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// 計算桶索引,越過尾部則返回頭部
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index = (index + 1) % capacity
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}
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// 若 key 不存在,則返回新增點的索引
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return if (firstTombstone == -1) index else firstTombstone
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}
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/* 查詢操作 */
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fun get(key: Int): String? {
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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val index = findBucket(key)
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// 若找到鍵值對,則返回對應 val
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if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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return buckets[index]?._val
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}
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// 若鍵值對不存在,則返回 null
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return null
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}
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/* 新增操作 */
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fun put(key: Int, _val: String) {
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// 當負載因子超過閾值時,執行擴容
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if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
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extend()
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}
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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val index = findBucket(key)
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// 若找到鍵值對,則覆蓋 val 並返回
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if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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buckets[index]!!._val = _val
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return
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}
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// 若鍵值對不存在,則新增該鍵值對
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buckets[index] = Pair(key, _val)
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size++
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}
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/* 刪除操作 */
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fun remove(key: Int) {
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// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
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val index = findBucket(key)
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// 若找到鍵值對,則用刪除標記覆蓋它
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if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
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size--
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}
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}
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/* 擴容雜湊表 */
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fun extend() {
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// 暫存原雜湊表
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val bucketsTmp = buckets
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// 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表
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capacity *= extendRatio
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buckets = arrayOfNulls(capacity)
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size = 0
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// 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表
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for (pair in bucketsTmp) {
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if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
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put(pair.key, pair._val)
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}
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}
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}
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/* 列印雜湊表 */
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fun print() {
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for (pair in buckets) {
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if (pair == null) {
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println("null")
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} else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
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println("TOMESTOME")
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} else {
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println("${pair.key} -> ${pair._val}")
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fun main() {
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// 初始化雜湊表
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val hashmap = HashMapOpenAddressing()
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// 新增操作
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// 在雜湊表中新增鍵值對 (key, val)
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hashmap.put(12836, "小哈")
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hashmap.put(15937, "小囉")
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hashmap.put(16750, "小算")
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hashmap.put(13276, "小法")
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hashmap.put(10583, "小鴨")
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println("\n新增完成後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value")
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hashmap.print()
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// 查詢操作
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// 向雜湊表中輸入鍵 key ,得到值 val
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val name = hashmap.get(13276)
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println("\n輸入學號 13276 ,查詢到姓名 $name")
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// 刪除操作
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// 在雜湊表中刪除鍵值對 (key, val)
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hashmap.remove(16750)
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println("\n刪除 16750 後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value")
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hashmap.print()
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}
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