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116 lines
3.6 KiB
116 lines
3.6 KiB
6 months ago
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=begin
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File: edit_distance.rb
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Created Time: 2024-05-29
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 編輯距離:暴力搜尋 ###
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def edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i, j)
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# 若 s 和 t 都為空,則返回 0
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return 0 if i == 0 && j == 0
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# 若 s 為空,則返回 t 長度
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return j if i == 0
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# 若 t 為空,則返回 s 長度
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return i if j == 0
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# 若兩字元相等,則直接跳過此兩字元
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return edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i - 1, j - 1) if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]
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# 最少編輯步數 = 插入、刪除、替換這三種操作的最少編輯步數 + 1
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insert = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i, j - 1)
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delete = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i - 1, j)
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replace = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, i - 1, j - 1)
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# 返回最少編輯步數
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[insert, delete, replace].min + 1
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end
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def edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i, j)
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# 若 s 和 t 都為空,則返回 0
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return 0 if i == 0 && j == 0
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# 若 s 為空,則返回 t 長度
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return j if i == 0
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# 若 t 為空,則返回 s 長度
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return i if j == 0
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# 若已有記錄,則直接返回之
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return mem[i][j] if mem[i][j] != -1
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# 若兩字元相等,則直接跳過此兩字元
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return edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1) if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]
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# 最少編輯步數 = 插入、刪除、替換這三種操作的最少編輯步數 + 1
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insert = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i, j - 1)
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delete = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j)
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replace = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1)
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# 記錄並返回最少編輯步數
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mem[i][j] = [insert, delete, replace].min + 1
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end
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### 編輯距離:動態規劃 ###
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def edit_distance_dp(s, t)
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n, m = s.length, t.length
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dp = Array.new(n + 1) { Array.new(m + 1, 0) }
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# 狀態轉移:首行首列
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(1...(n + 1)).each { |i| dp[i][0] = i }
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(1...(m + 1)).each { |j| dp[0][j] = j }
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# 狀態轉移:其餘行和列
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for i in 1...(n + 1)
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for j in 1...(m +1)
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if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]
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# 若兩字元相等,則直接跳過此兩字元
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dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]
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else
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# 最少編輯步數 = 插入、刪除、替換這三種操作的最少編輯步數 + 1
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dp[i][j] = [dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]].min + 1
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end
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end
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end
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dp[n][m]
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end
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### 編輯距離:空間最佳化後的動態規劃 ###
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def edit_distance_dp_comp(s, t)
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n, m = s.length, t.length
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dp = Array.new(m + 1, 0)
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# 狀態轉移:首行
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(1...(m + 1)).each { |j| dp[j] = j }
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# 狀態轉移:其餘行
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for i in 1...(n + 1)
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# 狀態轉移:首列
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leftup = dp.first # 暫存 dp[i-1, j-1]
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dp[0] += 1
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# 狀態轉移:其餘列
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for j in 1...(m + 1)
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temp = dp[j]
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if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]
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# 若兩字元相等,則直接跳過此兩字元
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dp[j] = leftup
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else
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# 最少編輯步數 = 插入、刪除、替換這三種操作的最少編輯步數 + 1
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dp[j] = [dp[j - 1], dp[j], leftup].min + 1
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end
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leftup = temp # 更新為下一輪的 dp[i-1, j-1]
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end
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end
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dp[m]
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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s = 'bag'
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t = 'pack'
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n, m = s.length, t.length
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# 暴力搜尋
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res = edit_distance_dfs(s, t, n, m)
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puts "將 #{s} 更改為 #{t} 最少需要編輯 #{res} 步"
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# 記憶化搜尋
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mem = Array.new(n + 1) { Array.new(m + 1, -1) }
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res = edit_distance_dfs_mem(s, t, mem, n, m)
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puts "將 #{s} 更改為 #{t} 最少需要編輯 #{res} 步"
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# 動態規劃
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res = edit_distance_dp(s, t)
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puts "將 #{s} 更改為 #{t} 最少需要編輯 #{res} 步"
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# 空間最佳化後的動態規劃
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res = edit_distance_dp_comp(s, t)
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puts "將 #{s} 更改為 #{t} 最少需要編輯 #{res} 步"
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end
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