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hello-algo/codes/cpp/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.cpp

167 lines
4.8 KiB

/**
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.cpp
* Created Time: 2023-06-13
* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
/* 键值对 */
struct Pair {
int key;
string val;
Pair(int k, string v) : key(k), val(v) {
}
};
/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
class HashMapOpenAddressing {
private:
int size; // 键值对数量
int capacity; // 哈希表容量
double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
vector<Pair *> buckets; // 桶数组
Pair *removed; // 删除标记
public:
/* 构造方法 */
HashMapOpenAddressing() {
// 构造方法
size = 0;
capacity = 4;
loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;
extendRatio = 2;
buckets = vector<Pair *>(capacity, nullptr);
removed = new Pair(-1, "-1");
}
/* 哈希函数 */
int hashFunc(int key) {
return key % capacity;
}
/* 负载因子 */
double loadFactor() {
return static_cast<double>(size) / capacity;
}
/* 查询操作 */
string get(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
int j = (index + i) % capacity;
// 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则返回 nullptr
if (buckets[j] == nullptr)
return nullptr;
// 若遇到指定 key ,则返回对应 val
if (buckets[j]->key == key && buckets[j] != removed)
return buckets[j]->val;
}
return nullptr;
}
/* 添加操作 */
void put(int key, string val) {
// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
if (loadFactor() > loadThres)
extend();
int index = hashFunc(key);
// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
int j = (index + i) % capacity;
// 若遇到空桶、或带有删除标记的桶,则将键值对放入该桶
if (buckets[j] == nullptr || buckets[j] == removed) {
buckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);
size += 1;
return;
}
// 若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val
if (buckets[j]->key == key) {
buckets[j]->val = val;
return;
}
}
}
/* 删除操作 */
void remove(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
int j = (index + i) % capacity;
// 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则直接返回
if (buckets[j] == nullptr)
return;
// 若遇到指定 key ,则标记删除并返回
if (buckets[j]->key == key) {
delete buckets[j]; // 释放内存
buckets[j] = removed;
size -= 1;
return;
}
}
}
/* 扩容哈希表 */
void extend() {
// 暂存原哈希表
vector<Pair *> bucketsTmp = buckets;
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
capacity *= extendRatio;
buckets = vector<Pair *>(capacity, nullptr);
size = 0;
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
for (Pair *pair : bucketsTmp) {
if (pair != nullptr && pair != removed) {
put(pair->key, pair->val);
}
}
}
/* 打印哈希表 */
void print() {
for (auto &pair : buckets) {
if (pair != nullptr) {
cout << pair->key << " -> " << pair->val << endl;
} else {
cout << "nullptr" << endl;
}
}
}
};
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* 初始化哈希表 */
HashMapOpenAddressing map = HashMapOpenAddressing();
/* 添加操作 */
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
map.put(12836, "小哈");
map.put(15937, "小啰");
map.put(16750, "小算");
map.put(13276, "小法");
map.put(10583, "小鸭");
cout << "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
map.print();
/* 查询操作 */
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
string name = map.get(13276);
cout << "\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " << name << endl;
/* 删除操作 */
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
map.remove(16750);
cout << "\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
map.print();
return 0;
}