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hello-algo/codes/cpp/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.cpp

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3.9 KiB

/**
* File: hash_map_chaining.cpp
* Created Time: 2023-06-13
* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
#include "./array_hash_map.cpp"
/* 链式地址哈希表 */
class HashMapChaining {
private:
int size; // 键值对数量
int capacity; // 哈希表容量
double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
vector<vector<Pair *>> buckets; // 桶数组
public:
/* 构造方法 */
HashMapChaining() : size(0), capacity(4), loadThres(2.0 / 3), extendRatio(2) {
buckets.resize(capacity);
}
/* 哈希函数 */
int hashFunc(int key) {
return key % capacity;
}
/* 负载因子 */
double loadFactor() {
return (double)size / (double)capacity;
}
/* 查询操作 */
string get(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
// 遍历桶,若找到 key 则返回对应 val
for (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {
if (pair->key == key) {
return pair->val;
}
}
// 若未找到 key 则返回 nullptr
return nullptr;
}
/* 添加操作 */
void put(int key, string val) {
// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
extend();
}
int index = hashFunc(key);
// 遍历桶,若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val 并返回
for (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {
if (pair->key == key) {
pair->val = val;
return;
}
}
// 若无该 key ,则将键值对添加至尾部
buckets[index].push_back(new Pair(key, val));
size++;
}
/* 删除操作 */
void remove(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
auto &bucket = buckets[index];
// 遍历桶,从中删除键值对
for (int i = 0; i < bucket.size(); i++) {
if (bucket[i]->key == key) {
Pair *tmp = bucket[i];
bucket.erase(bucket.begin() + i); // 从中删除键值对
delete tmp; // 释放内存
size--;
return;
}
}
}
/* 扩容哈希表 */
void extend() {
// 暂存原哈希表
vector<vector<Pair *>> bucketsTmp = buckets;
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
capacity *= extendRatio;
buckets.clear();
buckets.resize(capacity);
size = 0;
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
for (auto &bucket : bucketsTmp) {
for (Pair *pair : bucket) {
put(pair->key, pair->val);
// 释放内存
delete pair;
}
}
}
/* 打印哈希表 */
void print() {
for (auto &bucket : buckets) {
cout << "[";
for (Pair *pair : bucket) {
cout << pair->key << " -> " << pair->val << ", ";
}
cout << "]\n";
}
}
};
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* 初始化哈希表 */
HashMapChaining map = HashMapChaining();
/* 添加操作 */
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
map.put(12836, "小哈");
map.put(15937, "小啰");
map.put(16750, "小算");
map.put(13276, "小法");
map.put(10583, "小鸭");
cout << "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
map.print();
/* 查询操作 */
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
string name = map.get(13276);
cout << "\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " << name << endl;
/* 删除操作 */
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
map.remove(12836);
cout << "\n删除 12836 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
map.print();
return 0;
}