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hello-algo/codes/cpp/chapter_heap/my_heap.cpp

169 lines
4.3 KiB

2 years ago
/**
* File: my_heap.cpp
* Created Time: 2023-02-04
* Author: LoneRanger (836253168@qq.com), what-is-me (whatisme@outlook.jp)
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*/
#include "../include/include.hpp"
/* 大顶堆 */
class MaxHeap {
private:
// 使用动态数组,这样无需考虑扩容问题
vector<int> maxHeap;
/* 获取左子结点索引 */
int left(int i) {
return 2 * i + 1;
}
/* 获取右子结点索引 */
int right(int i) {
return 2 * i + 2;
}
/* 获取父结点索引 */
int parent(int i) {
return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下取整
}
/* 从结点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
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void siftUp(int i) {
while (true) {
// 获取结点 i 的父结点
int p = parent(i);
// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时,结束堆化
if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])
break;
// 交换两结点
swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]);
// 循环向上堆化
i = p;
}
}
/* 从结点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
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void siftDown(int i) {
while (true) {
// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点,记为 ma
int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无需继续堆化,跳出
if (l < size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])
ma = l;
if (r < size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])
ma = r;
// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无需继续堆化,跳出
if (ma == i)
break;
swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[ma]);
// 循环向下堆化
i = ma;
}
}
public:
/* 构造方法,根据输入列表建堆 */
MaxHeap(vector<int> nums) {
// 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
maxHeap = nums;
// 堆化除叶结点以外的其他所有结点
for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
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siftDown(i);
}
}
/* 获取堆大小 */
int size() {
return maxHeap.size();
}
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
bool empty() {
return size() == 0;
}
/* 访问堆顶元素 */
int peek() {
return maxHeap[0];
}
/* 元素入堆 */
void push(int val) {
// 添加结点
maxHeap.push_back(val);
// 从底至顶堆化
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siftUp(size() - 1);
}
/* 元素出堆 */
void poll() {
// 判空处理
if (empty()) {
throw out_of_range("堆为空");
}
// 交换根结点与最右叶结点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
swap(maxHeap[0], maxHeap[size() - 1]);
// 删除结点
maxHeap.pop_back();
// 从顶至底堆化
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siftDown(0);
}
/* 打印堆(二叉树)*/
void print() {
cout << "堆的数组表示:";
PrintUtil::printVector(maxHeap);
cout << "堆的树状表示:" << endl;
TreeNode *root = vecToTree(maxHeap);
PrintUtil::printTree(root);
freeMemoryTree(root);
}
};
void testPush(MaxHeap maxHeap, int val) {
maxHeap.push(val);
cout << "\n添加元素 " << val << "" << endl;
maxHeap.print();
}
void testPop(MaxHeap maxHeap) {
int val = maxHeap.peek();
maxHeap.poll();
cout << "\n出堆元素为 " << val << endl;
maxHeap.print();
}
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* 初始化大顶堆 */
vector<int> vec{9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2};
MaxHeap maxheap(vec);
cout << "\n输入列表并建堆后" << endl;
maxheap.print();
/* 获取堆顶元素 */
int peek = maxheap.peek();
cout << "\n堆顶元素为 " << peek << endl;
/* 元素入堆 */
int val = 7;
maxheap.push(val);
cout << "\n元素 " << val << " 入堆后" << endl;
maxheap.print();
/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
peek = maxheap.peek();
maxheap.poll();
cout << "\n堆顶元素 " << peek << " 出堆后" << endl;
maxheap.print();
/* 获取堆大小 */
int size = maxheap.size();
cout << "\n堆元素数量为 " << size << endl;
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
bool isEmpty = maxheap.empty();
cout << "\n堆是否为空 " << isEmpty << endl;
}