You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
80 lines
2.0 KiB
80 lines
2.0 KiB
8 months ago
|
/**
|
||
|
* File: recursion.java
|
||
|
* Created Time: 2023-08-24
|
||
|
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||
|
*/
|
||
|
|
||
|
package chapter_computational_complexity;
|
||
|
|
||
|
import java.util.Stack;
|
||
|
|
||
|
public class recursion {
|
||
|
/* 遞迴 */
|
||
|
static int recur(int n) {
|
||
|
// 終止條件
|
||
|
if (n == 1)
|
||
|
return 1;
|
||
|
// 遞:遞迴呼叫
|
||
|
int res = recur(n - 1);
|
||
|
// 迴:返回結果
|
||
|
return n + res;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 使用迭代模擬遞迴 */
|
||
|
static int forLoopRecur(int n) {
|
||
|
// 使用一個顯式的堆疊來模擬系統呼叫堆疊
|
||
|
Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
|
||
|
int res = 0;
|
||
|
// 遞:遞迴呼叫
|
||
|
for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {
|
||
|
// 透過“入堆疊操作”模擬“遞”
|
||
|
stack.push(i);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
// 迴:返回結果
|
||
|
while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
|
||
|
// 透過“出堆疊操作”模擬“迴”
|
||
|
res += stack.pop();
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
// res = 1+2+3+...+n
|
||
|
return res;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 尾遞迴 */
|
||
|
static int tailRecur(int n, int res) {
|
||
|
// 終止條件
|
||
|
if (n == 0)
|
||
|
return res;
|
||
|
// 尾遞迴呼叫
|
||
|
return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* 費波那契數列:遞迴 */
|
||
|
static int fib(int n) {
|
||
|
// 終止條件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
|
||
|
if (n == 1 || n == 2)
|
||
|
return n - 1;
|
||
|
// 遞迴呼叫 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
|
||
|
int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
|
||
|
// 返回結果 f(n)
|
||
|
return res;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/* Driver Code */
|
||
|
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||
|
int n = 5;
|
||
|
int res;
|
||
|
|
||
|
res = recur(n);
|
||
|
System.out.println("\n遞迴函式的求和結果 res = " + res);
|
||
|
|
||
|
res = forLoopRecur(n);
|
||
|
System.out.println("\n使用迭代模擬遞迴求和結果 res = " + res);
|
||
|
|
||
|
res = tailRecur(n, 0);
|
||
|
System.out.println("\n尾遞迴函式的求和結果 res = " + res);
|
||
|
|
||
|
res = fib(n);
|
||
|
System.out.println("\n費波那契數列的第 " + n + " 項為 " + res);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|