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162 lines
3.6 KiB
162 lines
3.6 KiB
7 months ago
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=begin
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File: binary_search_tree.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-18
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require_relative '../utils/tree_node'
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require_relative '../utils/print_util'
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### 二叉搜索树 ###
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class BinarySearchTree
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### 构造方法 ###
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def initialize
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# 初始化空树
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@root = nil
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end
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### 获取二叉树根节点 ###
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def get_root
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@root
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end
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### 查找节点 ###
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def search(num)
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cur = @root
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# 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while !cur.nil?
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# 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
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if cur.val < num
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cur = cur.right
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# 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
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elsif cur.val > num
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cur = cur.left
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# 找到目标节点,跳出循环
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else
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break
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end
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end
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cur
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end
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### 插入节点 ###
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def insert(num)
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# 若树为空,则初始化根节点
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if @root.nil?
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@root = TreeNode.new(num)
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return
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end
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# 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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cur, pre = @root, nil
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while !cur.nil?
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# 找到重复节点,直接返回
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return if cur.val == num
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pre = cur
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# 插入位置在 cur 的右子树中
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if cur.val < num
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cur = cur.right
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# 插入位置在 cur 的左子树中
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else
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cur = cur.left
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end
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end
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# 插入节点
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node = TreeNode.new(num)
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if pre.val < num
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pre.right = node
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else
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pre.left = node
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end
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end
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### 删除节点 ###
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def remove(num)
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# 若树为空,直接提前返回
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return if @root.nil?
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# 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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cur, pre = @root, nil
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while !cur.nil?
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# 找到待删除节点,跳出循环
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break if cur.val == num
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pre = cur
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# 待删除节点在 cur 的右子树中
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if cur.val < num
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cur = cur.right
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# 待删除节点在 cur 的左子树中
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else
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cur = cur.left
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end
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end
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# 若无待删除节点,则直接返回
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return if cur.nil?
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# 子节点数量 = 0 or 1
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if cur.left.nil? || cur.right.nil?
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# 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = null / 该子节点
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child = cur.left || cur.right
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# 删除节点 cur
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if cur != @root
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if pre.left == cur
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pre.left = child
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else
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pre.right = child
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end
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else
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# 若删除节点为根节点,则重新指定根节点
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@root = child
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end
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# 子节点数量 = 2
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else
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# 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点
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tmp = cur.right
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while !tmp.left.nil?
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tmp = tmp.left
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end
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# 递归删除节点 tmp
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remove(tmp.val)
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# 用 tmp 覆盖 cur
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cur.val = tmp.val
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end
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end
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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# 初始化二叉搜索树
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bst = BinarySearchTree.new
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nums = [8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15]
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# 请注意,不同的插入顺序会生成不同的二叉树,该序列可以生成一个完美二叉树
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nums.each { |num| bst.insert(num) }
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puts "\n初始化的二叉树为\n"
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print_tree(bst.get_root)
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# 查找节点
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node = bst.search(7)
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puts "\n查找到的节点对象为: #{node},节点值 = #{node.val}"
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# 插入节点
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bst.insert(16)
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puts "\n插入节点 16 后,二叉树为\n"
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print_tree(bst.get_root)
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# 删除节点
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bst.remove(1)
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puts "\n删除节点 1 后,二叉树为\n"
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print_tree(bst.get_root)
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bst.remove(2)
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puts "\n删除节点 2 后,二叉树为\n"
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print_tree(bst.get_root)
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bst.remove(4)
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puts "\n删除节点 4 后,二叉树为\n"
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print_tree(bst.get_root)
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end
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