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182 lines
6.5 KiB
182 lines
6.5 KiB
8 months ago
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// File: binary_search_tree.zig
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// Created Time: 2023-01-15
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// Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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const std = @import("std");
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const inc = @import("include");
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// 二元搜尋樹
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pub fn BinarySearchTree(comptime T: type) type {
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return struct {
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const Self = @This();
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root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null,
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mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,
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mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined, // 記憶體分配器
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// 建構子
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pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, nums: []T) !void {
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if (self.mem_arena == null) {
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self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);
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self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();
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}
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std.mem.sort(T, nums, {}, comptime std.sort.asc(T)); // 排序陣列
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self.root = try self.buildTree(nums, 0, nums.len - 1); // 構建二元搜尋樹
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}
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// 析構方法
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pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
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if (self.mem_arena == null) return;
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self.mem_arena.?.deinit();
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}
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// 構建二元搜尋樹
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fn buildTree(self: *Self, nums: []T, i: usize, j: usize) !?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
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if (i > j) return null;
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// 將陣列中間節點作為根節點
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var mid = (i + j) / 2;
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var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));
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node.init(nums[mid]);
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// 遞迴建立左子樹和右子樹
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if (mid >= 1) node.left = try self.buildTree(nums, i, mid - 1);
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node.right = try self.buildTree(nums, mid + 1, j);
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return node;
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}
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// 獲取二元樹根節點
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fn getRoot(self: *Self) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
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return self.root;
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}
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// 查詢節點
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fn search(self: *Self, num: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
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var cur = self.root;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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if (cur.?.val < num) {
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cur = cur.?.right;
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// 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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} else if (cur.?.val > num) {
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cur = cur.?.left;
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// 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
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} else {
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break;
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}
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}
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// 返回目標節點
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return cur;
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}
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// 插入節點
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fn insert(self: *Self, num: T) !void {
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// 若樹為空,則初始化根節點
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if (self.root == null) {
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self.root = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));
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return;
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}
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var cur = self.root;
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var pre: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 找到重複節點,直接返回
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if (cur.?.val == num) return;
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pre = cur;
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// 插入位置在 cur 的右子樹中
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if (cur.?.val < num) {
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cur = cur.?.right;
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// 插入位置在 cur 的左子樹中
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} else {
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cur = cur.?.left;
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}
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}
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// 插入節點
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var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));
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node.init(num);
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if (pre.?.val < num) {
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pre.?.right = node;
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} else {
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pre.?.left = node;
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}
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}
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// 刪除節點
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fn remove(self: *Self, num: T) void {
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// 若樹為空,直接提前返回
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if (self.root == null) return;
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var cur = self.root;
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var pre: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null;
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// 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 找到待刪除節點,跳出迴圈
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if (cur.?.val == num) break;
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pre = cur;
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// 待刪除節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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if (cur.?.val < num) {
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cur = cur.?.right;
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// 待刪除節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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} else {
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cur = cur.?.left;
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}
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}
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// 若無待刪除節點,則直接返回
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if (cur == null) return;
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// 子節點數量 = 0 or 1
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if (cur.?.left == null or cur.?.right == null) {
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// 當子節點數量 = 0 / 1 時, child = null / 該子節點
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var child = if (cur.?.left != null) cur.?.left else cur.?.right;
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// 刪除節點 cur
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if (pre.?.left == cur) {
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pre.?.left = child;
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} else {
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pre.?.right = child;
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}
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// 子節點數量 = 2
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} else {
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// 獲取中序走訪中 cur 的下一個節點
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var tmp = cur.?.right;
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while (tmp.?.left != null) {
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tmp = tmp.?.left;
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}
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var tmp_val = tmp.?.val;
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// 遞迴刪除節點 tmp
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self.remove(tmp.?.val);
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// 用 tmp 覆蓋 cur
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cur.?.val = tmp_val;
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}
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}
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};
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}
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// Driver Code
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pub fn main() !void {
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// 初始化二元樹
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var nums = [_]i32{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 };
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var bst = BinarySearchTree(i32){};
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try bst.init(std.heap.page_allocator, &nums);
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defer bst.deinit();
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std.debug.print("初始化的二元樹為\n", .{});
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try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(bst.getRoot(), null, false);
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// 查詢節點
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var node = bst.search(7);
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std.debug.print("\n查詢到的節點物件為 {any},節點值 = {}\n", .{node, node.?.val});
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// 插入節點
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try bst.insert(16);
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std.debug.print("\n插入節點 16 後,二元樹為\n", .{});
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try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(bst.getRoot(), null, false);
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// 刪除節點
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bst.remove(1);
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std.debug.print("\n刪除節點 1 後,二元樹為\n", .{});
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try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(bst.getRoot(), null, false);
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bst.remove(2);
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std.debug.print("\n刪除節點 2 後,二元樹為\n", .{});
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try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(bst.getRoot(), null, false);
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bst.remove(4);
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std.debug.print("\n刪除節點 4 後,二元樹為\n", .{});
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try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(bst.getRoot(), null, false);
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_ = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
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}
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