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hello-algo/codes/dart/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.dart

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/**
* File: hash_map_chaining.dart
* Created Time: 2023-06-24
* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
*/
import 'array_hash_map.dart';
/* 链式地址哈希表 */
class HashMapChaining {
late int size; // 键值对数量
late int capacity; // 哈希表容量
late double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
late int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
late List<List<Pair>> buckets; // 桶数组
/* 构造方法 */
HashMapChaining() {
size = 0;
capacity = 4;
loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;
extendRatio = 2;
buckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) => []);
}
/* 哈希函数 */
int hashFunc(int key) {
return key % capacity;
}
/* 负载因子 */
double loadFactor() {
return size / capacity;
}
/* 查询操作 */
String? get(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];
// 遍历桶,若找到 key 则返回对应 val
for (Pair pair in bucket) {
if (pair.key == key) {
return pair.val;
}
}
// 若未找到 key 则返回 null
return null;
}
/* 添加操作 */
void put(int key, String val) {
// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
extend();
}
int index = hashFunc(key);
List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];
// 遍历桶,若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val 并返回
for (Pair pair in bucket) {
if (pair.key == key) {
pair.val = val;
return;
}
}
// 若无该 key ,则将键值对添加至尾部
Pair pair = Pair(key, val);
bucket.add(pair);
size++;
}
/* 删除操作 */
void remove(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];
// 遍历桶,从中删除键值对
for (Pair pair in bucket) {
if (pair.key == key) {
bucket.remove(pair);
size--;
break;
}
}
}
/* 扩容哈希表 */
void extend() {
// 暂存原哈希表
List<List<Pair>> bucketsTmp = buckets;
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
capacity *= extendRatio;
buckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) => []);
size = 0;
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
for (List<Pair> bucket in bucketsTmp) {
for (Pair pair in bucket) {
put(pair.key, pair.val);
}
}
}
/* 打印哈希表 */
void printHashMap() {
for (List<Pair> bucket in buckets) {
List<String> res = [];
for (Pair pair in bucket) {
res.add("${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}");
}
print(res);
}
}
}
/* Driver Code */
void main() {
/* 初始化哈希表 */
HashMapChaining map = HashMapChaining();
/* 添加操作 */
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
map.put(12836, "小哈");
map.put(15937, "小啰");
map.put(16750, "小算");
map.put(13276, "小法");
map.put(10583, "小鸭");
print("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
map.printHashMap();
/* 查询操作 */
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
String? name = map.get(13276);
print("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 ${name}");
/* 删除操作 */
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
map.remove(12836);
print("\n删除 12836 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
map.printHashMap();
}