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/**
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* File: avl_tree.java
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* Created Time: 2022-12-10
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* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_tree;
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import utils.*;
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/* AVL 树 */
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class AVLTree {
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TreeNode root; // 根节点
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/* 获取节点高度 */
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public int height(TreeNode node) {
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// 空节点高度为 -1 ,叶节点高度为 0
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return node == null ? -1 : node.height;
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}
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/* 更新节点高度 */
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private void updateHeight(TreeNode node) {
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// 节点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
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node.height = Math.max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;
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}
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/* 获取平衡因子 */
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public int balanceFactor(TreeNode node) {
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// 空节点平衡因子为 0
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if (node == null)
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return 0;
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// 节点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
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return height(node.left) - height(node.right);
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}
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/* 右旋操作 */
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private TreeNode rightRotate(TreeNode node) {
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TreeNode child = node.left;
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TreeNode grandChild = child.right;
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
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child.right = node;
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node.left = grandChild;
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// 更新节点高度
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updateHeight(node);
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updateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child;
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}
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/* 左旋操作 */
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private TreeNode leftRotate(TreeNode node) {
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TreeNode child = node.right;
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TreeNode grandChild = child.left;
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
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child.left = node;
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node.right = grandChild;
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// 更新节点高度
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updateHeight(node);
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updateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child;
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}
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/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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private TreeNode rotate(TreeNode node) {
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// 获取节点 node 的平衡因子
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int balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node);
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// 左偏树
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if (balanceFactor > 1) {
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if (balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {
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// 右旋
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return rightRotate(node);
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} else {
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// 先左旋后右旋
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node.left = leftRotate(node.left);
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return rightRotate(node);
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}
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}
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// 右偏树
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if (balanceFactor < -1) {
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if (balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {
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// 左旋
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return leftRotate(node);
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} else {
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// 先右旋后左旋
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node.right = rightRotate(node.right);
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return leftRotate(node);
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}
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}
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// 平衡树,无须旋转,直接返回
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return node;
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}
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/* 插入节点 */
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public void insert(int val) {
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root = insertHelper(root, val);
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}
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/* 递归插入节点(辅助方法) */
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private TreeNode insertHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {
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if (node == null)
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return new TreeNode(val);
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/* 1. 查找插入位置并插入节点 */
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if (val < node.val)
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node.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);
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else if (val > node.val)
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node.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);
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else
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return node; // 重复节点不插入,直接返回
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updateHeight(node); // 更新节点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node);
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node;
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}
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/* 删除节点 */
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public void remove(int val) {
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root = removeHelper(root, val);
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}
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/* 递归删除节点(辅助方法) */
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private TreeNode removeHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {
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if (node == null)
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return null;
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/* 1. 查找节点并删除 */
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if (val < node.val)
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node.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);
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else if (val > node.val)
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node.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);
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else {
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if (node.left == null || node.right == null) {
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TreeNode child = node.left != null ? node.left : node.right;
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// 子节点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
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if (child == null)
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return null;
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// 子节点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
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else
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node = child;
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} else {
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// 子节点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个节点删除,并用该节点替换当前节点
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TreeNode temp = node.right;
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while (temp.left != null) {
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temp = temp.left;
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}
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node.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);
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node.val = temp.val;
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}
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}
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updateHeight(node); // 更新节点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node);
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node;
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}
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/* 查找节点 */
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public TreeNode search(int val) {
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TreeNode cur = root;
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while (cur != null) {
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// 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
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if (cur.val < val)
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cur = cur.right;
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// 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
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else if (cur.val > val)
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cur = cur.left;
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// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
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else
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break;
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}
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// 返回目标节点
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return cur;
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}
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}
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public class avl_tree {
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static void testInsert(AVLTree tree, int val) {
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tree.insert(val);
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System.out.println("\n插入节点 " + val + " 后,AVL 树为");
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PrintUtil.printTree(tree.root);
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}
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static void testRemove(AVLTree tree, int val) {
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tree.remove(val);
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System.out.println("\n删除节点 " + val + " 后,AVL 树为");
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PrintUtil.printTree(tree.root);
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
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AVLTree avlTree = new AVLTree();
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/* 插入节点 */
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// 请关注插入节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testInsert(avlTree, 1);
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testInsert(avlTree, 2);
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testInsert(avlTree, 3);
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testInsert(avlTree, 4);
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testInsert(avlTree, 5);
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testInsert(avlTree, 8);
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testInsert(avlTree, 7);
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testInsert(avlTree, 9);
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testInsert(avlTree, 10);
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testInsert(avlTree, 6);
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/* 插入重复节点 */
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testInsert(avlTree, 7);
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/* 删除节点 */
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// 请关注删除节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testRemove(avlTree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的节点
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testRemove(avlTree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的节点
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testRemove(avlTree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的节点
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/* 查询节点 */
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TreeNode node = avlTree.search(7);
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System.out.println("\n查找到的节点对象为 " + node + ",节点值 = " + node.val);
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}
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}
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