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/**
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* File: my_heap.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-02-06
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* Author: zjkung1123 (zjkung1123@gmail.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_heap;
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/* 大顶堆 */
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class MaxHeap {
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// 使用列表而非数组,这样无须考虑扩容问题
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List<int> maxHeap;
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/* 构造函数,建立空堆 */
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public MaxHeap() {
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maxHeap = [];
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}
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/* 构造函数,根据输入列表建堆 */
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public MaxHeap(IEnumerable<int> nums) {
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// 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
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maxHeap = new List<int>(nums);
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// 堆化除叶节点以外的其他所有节点
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var size = Parent(this.Size() - 1);
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for (int i = size; i >= 0; i--) {
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SiftDown(i);
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}
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}
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/* 获取左子节点索引 */
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int Left(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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/* 获取右子节点索引 */
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int Right(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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/* 获取父节点索引 */
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int Parent(int i) {
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return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下整除
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}
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/* 访问堆顶元素 */
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public int Peek() {
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return maxHeap[0];
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}
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/* 元素入堆 */
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public void Push(int val) {
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// 添加节点
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maxHeap.Add(val);
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// 从底至顶堆化
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SiftUp(Size() - 1);
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}
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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public int Size() {
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return maxHeap.Count;
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}
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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public bool IsEmpty() {
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return Size() == 0;
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}
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/* 从节点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
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void SiftUp(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 获取节点 i 的父节点
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int p = Parent(i);
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// 若“越过根节点”或“节点无须修复”,则结束堆化
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if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])
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break;
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// 交换两节点
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Swap(i, p);
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// 循环向上堆化
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i = p;
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}
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}
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/* 元素出堆 */
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public int Pop() {
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// 判空处理
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if (IsEmpty())
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throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
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// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
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Swap(0, Size() - 1);
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// 删除节点
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int val = maxHeap.Last();
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maxHeap.RemoveAt(Size() - 1);
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// 从顶至底堆化
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SiftDown(0);
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// 返回堆顶元素
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return val;
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}
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/* 从节点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
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void SiftDown(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 判断节点 i, l, r 中值最大的节点,记为 ma
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int l = Left(i), r = Right(i), ma = i;
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if (l < Size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])
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ma = l;
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if (r < Size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])
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ma = r;
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// 若“节点 i 最大”或“越过叶节点”,则结束堆化
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if (ma == i) break;
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// 交换两节点
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Swap(i, ma);
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// 循环向下堆化
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i = ma;
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}
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}
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/* 交换元素 */
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void Swap(int i, int p) {
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(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]) = (maxHeap[p], maxHeap[i]);
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}
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/* 打印堆(二叉树) */
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public void Print() {
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var queue = new Queue<int>(maxHeap);
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PrintUtil.PrintHeap(queue);
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}
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}
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public class my_heap {
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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/* 初始化大顶堆 */
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MaxHeap maxHeap = new([9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2]);
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Console.WriteLine("\n输入列表并建堆后");
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maxHeap.Print();
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/* 获取堆顶元素 */
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int peek = maxHeap.Peek();
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Console.WriteLine($"堆顶元素为 {peek}");
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/* 元素入堆 */
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int val = 7;
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maxHeap.Push(val);
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Console.WriteLine($"元素 {val} 入堆后");
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maxHeap.Print();
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/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
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peek = maxHeap.Pop();
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Console.WriteLine($"堆顶元素 {peek} 出堆后");
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maxHeap.Print();
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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int size = maxHeap.Size();
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Console.WriteLine($"堆元素数量为 {size}");
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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bool isEmpty = maxHeap.IsEmpty();
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Console.WriteLine($"堆是否为空 {isEmpty}");
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}
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}
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