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/**
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* File: my_heap.swift
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* Created Time: 2023-01-28
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* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
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*/
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import utils
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/* 大顶堆 */
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class MaxHeap {
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private var maxHeap: [Int]
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/* 构造方法,根据输入列表建堆 */
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init(nums: [Int]) {
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// 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
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maxHeap = nums
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// 堆化除叶节点以外的其他所有节点
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for i in stride(from: parent(i: size() - 1), through: 0, by: -1) {
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siftDown(i: i)
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}
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}
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/* 获取左子节点索引 */
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private func left(i: Int) -> Int {
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2 * i + 1
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}
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/* 获取右子节点索引 */
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private func right(i: Int) -> Int {
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2 * i + 2
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}
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/* 获取父节点索引 */
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private func parent(i: Int) -> Int {
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(i - 1) / 2 // 向下整除
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}
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/* 交换元素 */
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private func swap(i: Int, j: Int) {
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maxHeap.swapAt(i, j)
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}
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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func size() -> Int {
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maxHeap.count
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}
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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func isEmpty() -> Bool {
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size() == 0
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}
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/* 访问堆顶元素 */
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func peek() -> Int {
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maxHeap[0]
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}
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/* 元素入堆 */
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func push(val: Int) {
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// 添加节点
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maxHeap.append(val)
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// 从底至顶堆化
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siftUp(i: size() - 1)
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}
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/* 从节点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
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private func siftUp(i: Int) {
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var i = i
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while true {
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// 获取节点 i 的父节点
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let p = parent(i: i)
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// 当“越过根节点”或“节点无须修复”时,结束堆化
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if p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p] {
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break
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}
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// 交换两节点
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swap(i: i, j: p)
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// 循环向上堆化
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i = p
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}
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}
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/* 元素出堆 */
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func pop() -> Int {
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// 判空处理
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if isEmpty() {
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fatalError("堆为空")
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}
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// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
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swap(i: 0, j: size() - 1)
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// 删除节点
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let val = maxHeap.remove(at: size() - 1)
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// 从顶至底堆化
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siftDown(i: 0)
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// 返回堆顶元素
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return val
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}
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/* 从节点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
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private func siftDown(i: Int) {
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var i = i
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while true {
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// 判断节点 i, l, r 中值最大的节点,记为 ma
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let l = left(i: i)
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let r = right(i: i)
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var ma = i
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if l < size(), maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma] {
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ma = l
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}
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if r < size(), maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma] {
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ma = r
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}
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// 若节点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无须继续堆化,跳出
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if ma == i {
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break
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}
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// 交换两节点
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swap(i: i, j: ma)
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// 循环向下堆化
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i = ma
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}
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}
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/* 打印堆(二叉树) */
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func print() {
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let queue = maxHeap
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PrintUtil.printHeap(queue: queue)
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}
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}
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@main
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enum MyHeap {
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/* Driver Code */
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static func main() {
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/* 初始化大顶堆 */
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let maxHeap = MaxHeap(nums: [9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2])
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print("\n输入列表并建堆后")
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maxHeap.print()
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/* 获取堆顶元素 */
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var peek = maxHeap.peek()
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print("\n堆顶元素为 \(peek)")
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/* 元素入堆 */
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let val = 7
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maxHeap.push(val: val)
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print("\n元素 \(val) 入堆后")
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maxHeap.print()
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/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
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peek = maxHeap.pop()
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print("\n堆顶元素 \(peek) 出堆后")
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maxHeap.print()
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/* 获取堆大小 */
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let size = maxHeap.size()
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print("\n堆元素数量为 \(size)")
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/* 判断堆是否为空 */
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let isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty()
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print("\n堆是否为空 \(isEmpty)")
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}
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}
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