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---
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comments: true
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---
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# 9.2 图基础操作
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图的基础操作可分为对“边”的操作和对“顶点”的操作。在“邻接矩阵”和“邻接表”两种表示方法下,实现方式有所不同。
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## 9.2.1 基于邻接矩阵的实现
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给定一个顶点数量为 $n$ 的无向图,则各种操作的实现方式如图 9-7 所示。
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- **添加或删除边**:直接在邻接矩阵中修改指定的边即可,使用 $O(1)$ 时间。而由于是无向图,因此需要同时更新两个方向的边。
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- **添加顶点**:在邻接矩阵的尾部添加一行一列,并全部填 $0$ 即可,使用 $O(n)$ 时间。
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- **删除顶点**:在邻接矩阵中删除一行一列。当删除首行首列时达到最差情况,需要将 $(n-1)^2$ 个元素“向左上移动”,从而使用 $O(n^2)$ 时间。
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- **初始化**:传入 $n$ 个顶点,初始化长度为 $n$ 的顶点列表 `vertices` ,使用 $O(n)$ 时间;初始化 $n \times n$ 大小的邻接矩阵 `adjMat` ,使用 $O(n^2)$ 时间。
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=== "初始化邻接矩阵"
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![邻接矩阵的初始化、增删边、增删顶点](graph_operations.assets/adjacency_matrix_initialization.png)
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=== "添加边"
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![adjacency_matrix_add_edge](graph_operations.assets/adjacency_matrix_add_edge.png)
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=== "删除边"
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![adjacency_matrix_remove_edge](graph_operations.assets/adjacency_matrix_remove_edge.png)
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=== "添加顶点"
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![adjacency_matrix_add_vertex](graph_operations.assets/adjacency_matrix_add_vertex.png)
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=== "删除顶点"
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![adjacency_matrix_remove_vertex](graph_operations.assets/adjacency_matrix_remove_vertex.png)
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<p align="center"> 图 9-7 邻接矩阵的初始化、增删边、增删顶点 </p>
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以下是基于邻接矩阵表示图的实现代码。
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=== "Python"
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```python title="graph_adjacency_matrix.py"
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class GraphAdjMat:
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"""基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类"""
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def __init__(self, vertices: list[int], edges: list[list[int]]):
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"""构造方法"""
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# 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
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self.vertices: list[int] = []
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# 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
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self.adj_mat: list[list[int]] = []
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# 添加顶点
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for val in vertices:
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self.add_vertex(val)
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# 添加边
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# 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
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for e in edges:
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self.add_edge(e[0], e[1])
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def size(self) -> int:
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"""获取顶点数量"""
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return len(self.vertices)
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def add_vertex(self, val: int):
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"""添加顶点"""
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n = self.size()
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# 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
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self.vertices.append(val)
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# 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
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new_row = [0] * n
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self.adj_mat.append(new_row)
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# 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
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for row in self.adj_mat:
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row.append(0)
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def remove_vertex(self, index: int):
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"""删除顶点"""
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if index >= self.size():
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raise IndexError()
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# 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
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self.vertices.pop(index)
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# 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
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self.adj_mat.pop(index)
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# 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
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for row in self.adj_mat:
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row.pop(index)
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def add_edge(self, i: int, j: int):
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"""添加边"""
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# 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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# 索引越界与相等处理
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if i < 0 or j < 0 or i >= self.size() or j >= self.size() or i == j:
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raise IndexError()
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# 在无向图中,邻接矩阵沿主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) == (j, i)
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self.adj_mat[i][j] = 1
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self.adj_mat[j][i] = 1
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def remove_edge(self, i: int, j: int):
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"""删除边"""
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# 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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# 索引越界与相等处理
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if i < 0 or j < 0 or i >= self.size() or j >= self.size() or i == j:
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raise IndexError()
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self.adj_mat[i][j] = 0
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self.adj_mat[j][i] = 0
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def print(self):
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"""打印邻接矩阵"""
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print("顶点列表 =", self.vertices)
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print("邻接矩阵 =")
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print_matrix(self.adj_mat)
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```
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=== "C++"
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```cpp title="graph_adjacency_matrix.cpp"
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/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 */
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class GraphAdjMat {
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vector<int> vertices; // 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
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vector<vector<int>> adjMat; // 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
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public:
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/* 构造方法 */
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GraphAdjMat(const vector<int> &vertices, const vector<vector<int>> &edges) {
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// 添加顶点
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for (int val : vertices) {
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addVertex(val);
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}
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// 添加边
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// 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
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for (const vector<int> &edge : edges) {
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addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);
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}
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}
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/* 获取顶点数量 */
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int size() const {
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return vertices.size();
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}
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/* 添加顶点 */
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void addVertex(int val) {
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int n = size();
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// 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
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vertices.push_back(val);
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// 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
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adjMat.emplace_back(vector<int>(n, 0));
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// 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
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for (vector<int> &row : adjMat) {
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row.push_back(0);
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}
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}
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/* 删除顶点 */
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void removeVertex(int index) {
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if (index >= size()) {
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throw out_of_range("顶点不存在");
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}
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// 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
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vertices.erase(vertices.begin() + index);
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// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
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adjMat.erase(adjMat.begin() + index);
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// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
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for (vector<int> &row : adjMat) {
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row.erase(row.begin() + index);
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}
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}
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/* 添加边 */
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// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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void addEdge(int i, int j) {
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// 索引越界与相等处理
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if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {
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throw out_of_range("顶点不存在");
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}
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// 在无向图中,邻接矩阵沿主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) == (j, i)
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adjMat[i][j] = 1;
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adjMat[j][i] = 1;
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}
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/* 删除边 */
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// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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void removeEdge(int i, int j) {
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// 索引越界与相等处理
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if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {
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throw out_of_range("顶点不存在");
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}
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adjMat[i][j] = 0;
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adjMat[j][i] = 0;
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}
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/* 打印邻接矩阵 */
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void print() {
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cout << "顶点列表 = ";
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printVector(vertices);
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cout << "邻接矩阵 =" << endl;
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printVectorMatrix(adjMat);
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}
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};
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```
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=== "Java"
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```java title="graph_adjacency_matrix.java"
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/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 */
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class GraphAdjMat {
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List<Integer> vertices; // 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
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List<List<Integer>> adjMat; // 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
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/* 构造方法 */
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public GraphAdjMat(int[] vertices, int[][] edges) {
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this.vertices = new ArrayList<>();
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this.adjMat = new ArrayList<>();
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// 添加顶点
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for (int val : vertices) {
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addVertex(val);
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}
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// 添加边
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// 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
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for (int[] e : edges) {
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addEdge(e[0], e[1]);
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}
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}
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/* 获取顶点数量 */
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public int size() {
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return vertices.size();
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}
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/* 添加顶点 */
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public void addVertex(int val) {
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int n = size();
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// 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
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vertices.add(val);
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// 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
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List<Integer> newRow = new ArrayList<>(n);
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for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
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newRow.add(0);
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}
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adjMat.add(newRow);
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// 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
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for (List<Integer> row : adjMat) {
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row.add(0);
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}
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}
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/* 删除顶点 */
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public void removeVertex(int index) {
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if (index >= size())
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throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
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// 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
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vertices.remove(index);
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// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
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adjMat.remove(index);
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// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
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for (List<Integer> row : adjMat) {
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row.remove(index);
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}
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}
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/* 添加边 */
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// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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public void addEdge(int i, int j) {
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// 索引越界与相等处理
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if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j)
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throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
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// 在无向图中,邻接矩阵沿主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) == (j, i)
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adjMat.get(i).set(j, 1);
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adjMat.get(j).set(i, 1);
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}
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/* 删除边 */
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// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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public void removeEdge(int i, int j) {
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// 索引越界与相等处理
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if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j)
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throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
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adjMat.get(i).set(j, 0);
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adjMat.get(j).set(i, 0);
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}
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/* 打印邻接矩阵 */
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public void print() {
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System.out.print("顶点列表 = ");
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System.out.println(vertices);
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System.out.println("邻接矩阵 =");
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PrintUtil.printMatrix(adjMat);
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}
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}
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```
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=== "C#"
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```csharp title="graph_adjacency_matrix.cs"
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/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 */
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class GraphAdjMat {
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readonly List<int> vertices; // 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
readonly List<List<int>> adjMat; // 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
public GraphAdjMat(int[] vertices, int[][] edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.vertices = new List<int>();
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat = new List<List<int>>();
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加顶点
|
|
|
|
|
foreach (int val in vertices) {
|
|
|
|
|
AddVertex(val);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边
|
|
|
|
|
// 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
foreach (int[] e in edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
AddEdge(e[0], e[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
public int Size() {
|
|
|
|
|
return vertices.Count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void AddVertex(int val) {
|
|
|
|
|
int n = Size();
|
|
|
|
|
// 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
|
|
|
|
|
vertices.Add(val);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
|
|
|
|
|
List<int> newRow = new(n);
|
|
|
|
|
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
|
|
|
|
|
newRow.Add(0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat.Add(newRow);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
|
|
|
|
|
foreach (List<int> row in adjMat) {
|
|
|
|
|
row.Add(0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void RemoveVertex(int index) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (index >= Size())
|
|
|
|
|
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
|
|
|
|
|
// 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
|
|
|
|
|
vertices.RemoveAt(index);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat.RemoveAt(index);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
|
|
|
|
|
foreach (List<int> row in adjMat) {
|
|
|
|
|
row.RemoveAt(index);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
public void AddEdge(int i, int j) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= Size() || j >= Size() || i == j)
|
|
|
|
|
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
|
|
|
|
|
// 在无向图中,邻接矩阵沿主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) == (j, i)
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[i][j] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[j][i] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
public void RemoveEdge(int i, int j) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= Size() || j >= Size() || i == j)
|
|
|
|
|
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[i][j] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[j][i] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接矩阵 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void Print() {
|
|
|
|
|
Console.Write("顶点列表 = ");
|
|
|
|
|
PrintUtil.PrintList(vertices);
|
|
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine("邻接矩阵 =");
|
|
|
|
|
PrintUtil.PrintMatrix(adjMat);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Go"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go title="graph_adjacency_matrix.go"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
type graphAdjMat struct {
|
|
|
|
|
// 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
vertices []int
|
|
|
|
|
// 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat [][]int
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
func newGraphAdjMat(vertices []int, edges [][]int) *graphAdjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加顶点
|
|
|
|
|
n := len(vertices)
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat := make([][]int, n)
|
|
|
|
|
for i := range adjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[i] = make([]int, n)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 初始化图
|
|
|
|
|
g := &graphAdjMat{
|
|
|
|
|
vertices: vertices,
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat: adjMat,
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边
|
|
|
|
|
// 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
for i := range edges {
|
|
|
|
|
g.addEdge(edges[i][0], edges[i][1])
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return g
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjMat) size() int {
|
|
|
|
|
return len(g.vertices)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjMat) addVertex(val int) {
|
|
|
|
|
n := g.size()
|
|
|
|
|
// 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
|
|
|
|
|
g.vertices = append(g.vertices, val)
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
|
|
|
|
|
newRow := make([]int, n)
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjMat = append(g.adjMat, newRow)
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
|
|
|
|
|
for i := range g.adjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjMat[i] = append(g.adjMat[i], 0)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjMat) removeVertex(index int) {
|
|
|
|
|
if index >= g.size() {
|
|
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
|
|
|
|
|
g.vertices = append(g.vertices[:index], g.vertices[index+1:]...)
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjMat = append(g.adjMat[:index], g.adjMat[index+1:]...)
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
|
|
|
|
|
for i := range g.adjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjMat[i] = append(g.adjMat[i][:index], g.adjMat[i][index+1:]...)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjMat) addEdge(i, j int) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= g.size() || j >= g.size() || i == j {
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Errorf("%s", "Index Out Of Bounds Exception")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在无向图中,邻接矩阵沿主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) == (j, i)
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjMat[i][j] = 1
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjMat[j][i] = 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjMat) removeEdge(i, j int) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= g.size() || j >= g.size() || i == j {
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Errorf("%s", "Index Out Of Bounds Exception")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjMat[i][j] = 0
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjMat[j][i] = 0
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接矩阵 */
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjMat) print() {
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Printf("\t顶点列表 = %v\n", g.vertices)
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Printf("\t邻接矩阵 = \n")
|
|
|
|
|
for i := range g.adjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Printf("\t\t\t%v\n", g.adjMat[i])
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Swift"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```swift title="graph_adjacency_matrix.swift"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
private var vertices: [Int] // 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
private var adjMat: [[Int]] // 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
|
|
|
init(vertices: [Int], edges: [[Int]]) {
|
|
|
|
|
self.vertices = []
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat = []
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加顶点
|
|
|
|
|
for val in vertices {
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(val: val)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边
|
|
|
|
|
// 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
for e in edges {
|
|
|
|
|
addEdge(i: e[0], j: e[1])
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
func size() -> Int {
|
|
|
|
|
vertices.count
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
func addVertex(val: Int) {
|
|
|
|
|
let n = size()
|
|
|
|
|
// 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
|
|
|
|
|
vertices.append(val)
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
|
|
|
|
|
let newRow = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat.append(newRow)
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
|
|
|
|
|
for i in adjMat.indices {
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[i].append(0)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
func removeVertex(index: Int) {
|
|
|
|
|
if index >= size() {
|
|
|
|
|
fatalError("越界")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
|
|
|
|
|
vertices.remove(at: index)
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat.remove(at: index)
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
|
|
|
|
|
for i in adjMat.indices {
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[i].remove(at: index)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
func addEdge(i: Int, j: Int) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j {
|
|
|
|
|
fatalError("越界")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在无向图中,邻接矩阵沿主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) == (j, i)
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[i][j] = 1
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[j][i] = 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
func removeEdge(i: Int, j: Int) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j {
|
|
|
|
|
fatalError("越界")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[i][j] = 0
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[j][i] = 0
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接矩阵 */
|
|
|
|
|
func print() {
|
|
|
|
|
Swift.print("顶点列表 = ", terminator: "")
|
|
|
|
|
Swift.print(vertices)
|
|
|
|
|
Swift.print("邻接矩阵 =")
|
|
|
|
|
PrintUtil.printMatrix(matrix: adjMat)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "JS"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript title="graph_adjacency_matrix.js"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
vertices; // 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat; // 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
constructor(vertices, edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.vertices = [];
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat = [];
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加顶点
|
|
|
|
|
for (const val of vertices) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.addVertex(val);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边
|
|
|
|
|
// 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
for (const e of edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.addEdge(e[0], e[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
size() {
|
|
|
|
|
return this.vertices.length;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(val) {
|
|
|
|
|
const n = this.size();
|
|
|
|
|
// 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
|
|
|
|
|
this.vertices.push(val);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
|
|
|
|
|
const newRow = [];
|
|
|
|
|
for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {
|
|
|
|
|
newRow.push(0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat.push(newRow);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
|
|
|
|
|
for (const row of this.adjMat) {
|
|
|
|
|
row.push(0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
removeVertex(index) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (index >= this.size()) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
|
|
|
|
|
this.vertices.splice(index, 1);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat.splice(index, 1);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
|
|
|
|
|
for (const row of this.adjMat) {
|
|
|
|
|
row.splice(index, 1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
addEdge(i, j) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在无向图中,邻接矩阵沿主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) === (j, i)
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat[i][j] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat[j][i] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
removeEdge(i, j) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat[i][j] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat[j][i] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接矩阵 */
|
|
|
|
|
print() {
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('顶点列表 = ', this.vertices);
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('邻接矩阵 =', this.adjMat);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "TS"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```typescript title="graph_adjacency_matrix.ts"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
vertices: number[]; // 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat: number[][]; // 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
constructor(vertices: number[], edges: number[][]) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.vertices = [];
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat = [];
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加顶点
|
|
|
|
|
for (const val of vertices) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.addVertex(val);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边
|
|
|
|
|
// 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
for (const e of edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.addEdge(e[0], e[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
size(): number {
|
|
|
|
|
return this.vertices.length;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(val: number): void {
|
|
|
|
|
const n: number = this.size();
|
|
|
|
|
// 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
|
|
|
|
|
this.vertices.push(val);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
|
|
|
|
|
const newRow: number[] = [];
|
|
|
|
|
for (let j: number = 0; j < n; j++) {
|
|
|
|
|
newRow.push(0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat.push(newRow);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
|
|
|
|
|
for (const row of this.adjMat) {
|
|
|
|
|
row.push(0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
removeVertex(index: number): void {
|
|
|
|
|
if (index >= this.size()) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
|
|
|
|
|
this.vertices.splice(index, 1);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat.splice(index, 1);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
|
|
|
|
|
for (const row of this.adjMat) {
|
|
|
|
|
row.splice(index, 1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
addEdge(i: number, j: number): void {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在无向图中,邻接矩阵沿主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) === (j, i)
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat[i][j] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat[j][i] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
removeEdge(i: number, j: number): void {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat[i][j] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat[j][i] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接矩阵 */
|
|
|
|
|
print(): void {
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('顶点列表 = ', this.vertices);
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('邻接矩阵 =', this.adjMat);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Dart"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```dart title="graph_adjacency_matrix.dart"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
List<int> vertices = []; // 顶点元素,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
List<List<int>> adjMat = []; //邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
|
|
|
GraphAdjMat(List<int> vertices, List<List<int>> edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.vertices = [];
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjMat = [];
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加顶点
|
|
|
|
|
for (int val in vertices) {
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(val);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边
|
|
|
|
|
// 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
for (List<int> e in edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
addEdge(e[0], e[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
int size() {
|
|
|
|
|
return vertices.length;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
void addVertex(int val) {
|
|
|
|
|
int n = size();
|
|
|
|
|
// 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
|
|
|
|
|
vertices.add(val);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
|
|
|
|
|
List<int> newRow = List.filled(n, 0, growable: true);
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat.add(newRow);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
|
|
|
|
|
for (List<int> row in adjMat) {
|
|
|
|
|
row.add(0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
void removeVertex(int index) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (index >= size()) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw IndexError;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
|
|
|
|
|
vertices.removeAt(index);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat.removeAt(index);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
|
|
|
|
|
for (List<int> row in adjMat) {
|
|
|
|
|
row.removeAt(index);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
void addEdge(int i, int j) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw IndexError;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在无向图中,邻接矩阵沿主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) == (j, i)
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[i][j] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[j][i] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
void removeEdge(int i, int j) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw IndexError;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[i][j] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
adjMat[j][i] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接矩阵 */
|
|
|
|
|
void printAdjMat() {
|
|
|
|
|
print("顶点列表 = $vertices");
|
|
|
|
|
print("邻接矩阵 = ");
|
|
|
|
|
printMatrix(adjMat);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Rust"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```rust title="graph_adjacency_matrix.rs"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类型 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub struct GraphAdjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
// 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
pub vertices: Vec<i32>,
|
|
|
|
|
// 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
|
|
|
|
|
pub adj_mat: Vec<Vec<i32>>,
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
impl GraphAdjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn new(vertices: Vec<i32>, edges: Vec<[usize; 2]>) -> Self {
|
|
|
|
|
let mut graph = GraphAdjMat {
|
|
|
|
|
vertices: vec![],
|
|
|
|
|
adj_mat: vec![],
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加顶点
|
|
|
|
|
for val in vertices {
|
|
|
|
|
graph.add_vertex(val);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边
|
|
|
|
|
// 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
for edge in edges {
|
|
|
|
|
graph.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
graph
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
|
|
|
|
|
self.vertices.len()
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn add_vertex(&mut self, val: i32) {
|
|
|
|
|
let n = self.size();
|
|
|
|
|
// 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
|
|
|
|
|
self.vertices.push(val);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_mat.push(vec![0; n]);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
|
|
|
|
|
for row in &mut self.adj_mat {
|
|
|
|
|
row.push(0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn remove_vertex(&mut self, index: usize) {
|
|
|
|
|
if index >= self.size() {
|
|
|
|
|
panic!("index error")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
|
|
|
|
|
self.vertices.remove(index);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_mat.remove(index);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
|
|
|
|
|
for row in &mut self.adj_mat {
|
|
|
|
|
row.remove(index);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn add_edge(&mut self, i: usize, j: usize) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if i >= self.size() || j >= self.size() || i == j {
|
|
|
|
|
panic!("index error")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在无向图中,邻接矩阵沿主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) == (j, i)
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_mat[i][j] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_mat[j][i] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn remove_edge(&mut self, i: usize, j: usize) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
// 索引越界与相等处理
|
|
|
|
|
if i >= self.size() || j >= self.size() || i == j {
|
|
|
|
|
panic!("index error")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_mat[i][j] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_mat[j][i] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接矩阵 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn print(&self) {
|
|
|
|
|
println!("顶点列表 = {:?}", self.vertices);
|
|
|
|
|
println!("邻接矩阵 =");
|
|
|
|
|
println!("[");
|
|
|
|
|
for row in &self.adj_mat {
|
|
|
|
|
println!(" {:?},", row);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
println!("]")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="graph_adjacency_matrix.c"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图结构体 */
|
|
|
|
|
typedef struct {
|
|
|
|
|
int vertices[MAX_SIZE];
|
|
|
|
|
int adjMat[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE];
|
|
|
|
|
int size;
|
|
|
|
|
} GraphAdjMat;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
GraphAdjMat *newGraphAdjMat() {
|
|
|
|
|
GraphAdjMat *graph = (GraphAdjMat *)malloc(sizeof(GraphAdjMat));
|
|
|
|
|
graph->size = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
for (int j = 0; j < MAX_SIZE; j++) {
|
|
|
|
|
graph->adjMat[i][j] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return graph;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 析构函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
void delGraphAdjMat(GraphAdjMat *graph) {
|
|
|
|
|
free(graph);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
void addVertex(GraphAdjMat *graph, int val) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (graph->size == MAX_SIZE) {
|
|
|
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "图的顶点数量已达最大值\n");
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加第 n 个顶点,并将第 n 行和列置零
|
|
|
|
|
int n = graph->size;
|
|
|
|
|
graph->vertices[n] = val;
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
graph->adjMat[n][i] = graph->adjMat[i][n] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
graph->size++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
void removeVertex(GraphAdjMat *graph, int index) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (index < 0 || index >= graph->size) {
|
|
|
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "顶点索引越界\n");
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = index; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
graph->vertices[i] = graph->vertices[i + 1];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = index; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
for (int j = 0; j < graph->size; j++) {
|
|
|
|
|
graph->adjMat[i][j] = graph->adjMat[i + 1][j];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
for (int j = index; j < graph->size - 1; j++) {
|
|
|
|
|
graph->adjMat[i][j] = graph->adjMat[i][j + 1];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
graph->size--;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
void addEdge(GraphAdjMat *graph, int i, int j) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size || i == j) {
|
|
|
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "边索引越界或相等\n");
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
graph->adjMat[i][j] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
graph->adjMat[j][i] = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
|
|
|
|
|
void removeEdge(GraphAdjMat *graph, int i, int j) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size || i == j) {
|
|
|
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "边索引越界或相等\n");
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
graph->adjMat[i][j] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
graph->adjMat[j][i] = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接矩阵 */
|
|
|
|
|
void printGraphAdjMat(GraphAdjMat *graph) {
|
|
|
|
|
printf("顶点列表 = ");
|
|
|
|
|
printArray(graph->vertices, graph->size);
|
|
|
|
|
printf("邻接矩阵 =\n");
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
printArray(graph->adjMat[i], graph->size);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Zig"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```zig title="graph_adjacency_matrix.zig"
|
|
|
|
|
[class]{GraphAdjMat}-[func]{}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 9.2.2 基于邻接表的实现
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
设无向图的顶点总数为 $n$、边总数为 $m$ ,则可根据图 9-8 所示的方法实现各种操作。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- **添加边**:在顶点对应链表的末尾添加边即可,使用 $O(1)$ 时间。因为是无向图,所以需要同时添加两个方向的边。
|
|
|
|
|
- **删除边**:在顶点对应链表中查找并删除指定边,使用 $O(m)$ 时间。在无向图中,需要同时删除两个方向的边。
|
|
|
|
|
- **添加顶点**:在邻接表中添加一个链表,并将新增顶点作为链表头节点,使用 $O(1)$ 时间。
|
|
|
|
|
- **删除顶点**:需遍历整个邻接表,删除包含指定顶点的所有边,使用 $O(n + m)$ 时间。
|
|
|
|
|
- **初始化**:在邻接表中创建 $n$ 个顶点和 $2m$ 条边,使用 $O(n + m)$ 时间。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "初始化邻接表"
|
|
|
|
|
![邻接表的初始化、增删边、增删顶点](graph_operations.assets/adjacency_list_initialization.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "添加边"
|
|
|
|
|
![adjacency_list_add_edge](graph_operations.assets/adjacency_list_add_edge.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "删除边"
|
|
|
|
|
![adjacency_list_remove_edge](graph_operations.assets/adjacency_list_remove_edge.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "添加顶点"
|
|
|
|
|
![adjacency_list_add_vertex](graph_operations.assets/adjacency_list_add_vertex.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "删除顶点"
|
|
|
|
|
![adjacency_list_remove_vertex](graph_operations.assets/adjacency_list_remove_vertex.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p align="center"> 图 9-8 邻接表的初始化、增删边、增删顶点 </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
以下是邻接表的代码实现。对比图 9-8 ,实际代码有以下不同。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 为了方便添加与删除顶点,以及简化代码,我们使用列表(动态数组)来代替链表。
|
|
|
|
|
- 使用哈希表来存储邻接表,`key` 为顶点实例,`value` 为该顶点的邻接顶点列表(链表)。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
另外,我们在邻接表中使用 `Vertex` 类来表示顶点,这样做的原因是:如果与邻接矩阵一样,用列表索引来区分不同顶点,那么假设要删除索引为 $i$ 的顶点,则需遍历整个邻接表,将所有大于 $i$ 的索引全部减 $1$ ,效率很低。而如果每个顶点都是唯一的 `Vertex` 实例,删除某一顶点之后就无须改动其他顶点了。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Python"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python title="graph_adjacency_list.py"
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjList:
|
|
|
|
|
"""基于邻接表实现的无向图类"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, edges: list[list[Vertex]]):
|
|
|
|
|
"""构造方法"""
|
|
|
|
|
# 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list = dict[Vertex, list[Vertex]]()
|
|
|
|
|
# 添加所有顶点和边
|
|
|
|
|
for edge in edges:
|
|
|
|
|
self.add_vertex(edge[0])
|
|
|
|
|
self.add_vertex(edge[1])
|
|
|
|
|
self.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def size(self) -> int:
|
|
|
|
|
"""获取顶点数量"""
|
|
|
|
|
return len(self.adj_list)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def add_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex):
|
|
|
|
|
"""添加边"""
|
|
|
|
|
if vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:
|
|
|
|
|
raise ValueError()
|
|
|
|
|
# 添加边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list[vet1].append(vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list[vet2].append(vet1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def remove_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex):
|
|
|
|
|
"""删除边"""
|
|
|
|
|
if vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:
|
|
|
|
|
raise ValueError()
|
|
|
|
|
# 删除边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list[vet1].remove(vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list[vet2].remove(vet1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def add_vertex(self, vet: Vertex):
|
|
|
|
|
"""添加顶点"""
|
|
|
|
|
if vet in self.adj_list:
|
|
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
|
# 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list[vet] = []
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def remove_vertex(self, vet: Vertex):
|
|
|
|
|
"""删除顶点"""
|
|
|
|
|
if vet not in self.adj_list:
|
|
|
|
|
raise ValueError()
|
|
|
|
|
# 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list.pop(vet)
|
|
|
|
|
# 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
|
|
|
|
|
for vertex in self.adj_list:
|
|
|
|
|
if vet in self.adj_list[vertex]:
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list[vertex].remove(vet)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def print(self):
|
|
|
|
|
"""打印邻接表"""
|
|
|
|
|
print("邻接表 =")
|
|
|
|
|
for vertex in self.adj_list:
|
|
|
|
|
tmp = [v.val for v in self.adj_list[vertex]]
|
|
|
|
|
print(f"{vertex.val}: {tmp},")
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C++"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```cpp title="graph_adjacency_list.cpp"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjList {
|
|
|
|
|
public:
|
|
|
|
|
// 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
|
|
|
|
unordered_map<Vertex *, vector<Vertex *>> adjList;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 在 vector 中删除指定节点 */
|
|
|
|
|
void remove(vector<Vertex *> &vec, Vertex *vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (vec[i] == vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
vec.erase(vec.begin() + i);
|
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
|
|
|
GraphAdjList(const vector<vector<Vertex *>> &edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加所有顶点和边
|
|
|
|
|
for (const vector<Vertex *> &edge : edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(edge[0]);
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
int size() {
|
|
|
|
|
return adjList.size();
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
void addEdge(Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.count(vet1) || !adjList.count(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
throw invalid_argument("不存在顶点");
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet1].push_back(vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet2].push_back(vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
void removeEdge(Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.count(vet1) || !adjList.count(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
throw invalid_argument("不存在顶点");
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
remove(adjList[vet1], vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
remove(adjList[vet2], vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
void addVertex(Vertex *vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (adjList.count(vet))
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet] = vector<Vertex *>();
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
void removeVertex(Vertex *vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.count(vet))
|
|
|
|
|
throw invalid_argument("不存在顶点");
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.erase(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
// 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
|
|
|
|
|
for (auto &adj : adjList) {
|
|
|
|
|
remove(adj.second, vet);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接表 */
|
|
|
|
|
void print() {
|
|
|
|
|
cout << "邻接表 =" << endl;
|
|
|
|
|
for (auto &adj : adjList) {
|
|
|
|
|
const auto &key = adj.first;
|
|
|
|
|
const auto &vec = adj.second;
|
|
|
|
|
cout << key->val << ": ";
|
|
|
|
|
printVector(vetsToVals(vec));
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Java"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```java title="graph_adjacency_list.java"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjList {
|
|
|
|
|
// 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
|
|
|
|
Map<Vertex, List<Vertex>> adjList;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
|
|
|
public GraphAdjList(Vertex[][] edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList = new HashMap<>();
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加所有顶点和边
|
|
|
|
|
for (Vertex[] edge : edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(edge[0]);
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
public int size() {
|
|
|
|
|
return adjList.size();
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.get(vet1).add(vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.get(vet2).add(vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.get(vet1).remove(vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.get(vet2).remove(vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void addVertex(Vertex vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (adjList.containsKey(vet))
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.put(vet, new ArrayList<>());
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void removeVertex(Vertex vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.containsKey(vet))
|
|
|
|
|
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.remove(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
// 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
|
|
|
|
|
for (List<Vertex> list : adjList.values()) {
|
|
|
|
|
list.remove(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接表 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void print() {
|
|
|
|
|
System.out.println("邻接表 =");
|
|
|
|
|
for (Map.Entry<Vertex, List<Vertex>> pair : adjList.entrySet()) {
|
|
|
|
|
List<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<>();
|
|
|
|
|
for (Vertex vertex : pair.getValue())
|
|
|
|
|
tmp.add(vertex.val);
|
|
|
|
|
System.out.println(pair.getKey().val + ": " + tmp + ",");
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```csharp title="graph_adjacency_list.cs"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjList {
|
|
|
|
|
// 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
|
|
|
|
public Dictionary<Vertex, List<Vertex>> adjList;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
public GraphAdjList(Vertex[][] edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList = new Dictionary<Vertex, List<Vertex>>();
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加所有顶点和边
|
|
|
|
|
foreach (Vertex[] edge in edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
AddVertex(edge[0]);
|
|
|
|
|
AddVertex(edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
AddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
public int Size() {
|
|
|
|
|
return adjList.Count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void AddEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet1) || !adjList.ContainsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
throw new InvalidOperationException();
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet1].Add(vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet2].Add(vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void RemoveEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet1) || !adjList.ContainsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
throw new InvalidOperationException();
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet1].Remove(vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet2].Remove(vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void AddVertex(Vertex vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (adjList.ContainsKey(vet))
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.Add(vet, new List<Vertex>());
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void RemoveVertex(Vertex vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet))
|
|
|
|
|
throw new InvalidOperationException();
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.Remove(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
// 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
|
|
|
|
|
foreach (List<Vertex> list in adjList.Values) {
|
|
|
|
|
list.Remove(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接表 */
|
|
|
|
|
public void Print() {
|
|
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine("邻接表 =");
|
|
|
|
|
foreach (KeyValuePair<Vertex, List<Vertex>> pair in adjList) {
|
|
|
|
|
List<int> tmp = new();
|
|
|
|
|
foreach (Vertex vertex in pair.Value)
|
|
|
|
|
tmp.Add(vertex.val);
|
|
|
|
|
Console.WriteLine(pair.Key.val + ": [" + string.Join(", ", tmp) + "],");
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Go"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go title="graph_adjacency_list.go"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
type graphAdjList struct {
|
|
|
|
|
// 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
|
|
|
|
adjList map[Vertex][]Vertex
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
func newGraphAdjList(edges [][]Vertex) *graphAdjList {
|
|
|
|
|
g := &graphAdjList{
|
|
|
|
|
adjList: make(map[Vertex][]Vertex),
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加所有顶点和边
|
|
|
|
|
for _, edge := range edges {
|
|
|
|
|
g.addVertex(edge[0])
|
|
|
|
|
g.addVertex(edge[1])
|
|
|
|
|
g.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1])
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return g
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjList) size() int {
|
|
|
|
|
return len(g.adjList)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjList) addEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
_, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]
|
|
|
|
|
_, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]
|
|
|
|
|
if !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {
|
|
|
|
|
panic("error")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边 vet1 - vet2, 添加匿名 struct{},
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjList[vet1] = append(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjList[vet2] = append(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjList) removeEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
_, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]
|
|
|
|
|
_, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]
|
|
|
|
|
if !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {
|
|
|
|
|
panic("error")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjList[vet1] = DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjList[vet2] = DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjList) addVertex(vet Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
_, ok := g.adjList[vet]
|
|
|
|
|
if ok {
|
|
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjList[vet] = make([]Vertex, 0)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjList) removeVertex(vet Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
_, ok := g.adjList[vet]
|
|
|
|
|
if !ok {
|
|
|
|
|
panic("error")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
|
|
|
|
|
delete(g.adjList, vet)
|
|
|
|
|
// 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
|
|
|
|
|
for v, list := range g.adjList {
|
|
|
|
|
g.adjList[v] = DeleteSliceElms(list, vet)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接表 */
|
|
|
|
|
func (g *graphAdjList) print() {
|
|
|
|
|
var builder strings.Builder
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Printf("邻接表 = \n")
|
|
|
|
|
for k, v := range g.adjList {
|
|
|
|
|
builder.WriteString("\t\t" + strconv.Itoa(k.Val) + ": ")
|
|
|
|
|
for _, vet := range v {
|
|
|
|
|
builder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(vet.Val) + " ")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
fmt.Println(builder.String())
|
|
|
|
|
builder.Reset()
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Swift"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```swift title="graph_adjacency_list.swift"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjList {
|
|
|
|
|
// 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
|
|
|
|
public private(set) var adjList: [Vertex: [Vertex]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
|
|
|
public init(edges: [[Vertex]]) {
|
|
|
|
|
adjList = [:]
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加所有顶点和边
|
|
|
|
|
for edge in edges {
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(vet: edge[0])
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(vet: edge[1])
|
|
|
|
|
addEdge(vet1: edge[0], vet2: edge[1])
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
public func size() -> Int {
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.count
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
public func addEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
if adjList[vet1] == nil || adjList[vet2] == nil || vet1 == vet2 {
|
|
|
|
|
fatalError("参数错误")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet1]?.append(vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet2]?.append(vet1)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
public func removeEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
if adjList[vet1] == nil || adjList[vet2] == nil || vet1 == vet2 {
|
|
|
|
|
fatalError("参数错误")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet1]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet2 })
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet2]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet1 })
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
public func addVertex(vet: Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
if adjList[vet] != nil {
|
|
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet] = []
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
public func removeVertex(vet: Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
if adjList[vet] == nil {
|
|
|
|
|
fatalError("参数错误")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.removeValue(forKey: vet)
|
|
|
|
|
// 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
|
|
|
|
|
for key in adjList.keys {
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[key]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet })
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接表 */
|
|
|
|
|
public func print() {
|
|
|
|
|
Swift.print("邻接表 =")
|
|
|
|
|
for pair in adjList {
|
|
|
|
|
var tmp: [Int] = []
|
|
|
|
|
for vertex in pair.value {
|
|
|
|
|
tmp.append(vertex.val)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
Swift.print("\(pair.key.val): \(tmp),")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "JS"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript title="graph_adjacency_list.js"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjList {
|
|
|
|
|
// 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
|
|
|
|
adjList;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
|
|
|
constructor(edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList = new Map();
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加所有顶点和边
|
|
|
|
|
for (const edge of edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.addVertex(edge[0]);
|
|
|
|
|
this.addVertex(edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
this.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
size() {
|
|
|
|
|
return this.adjList.size;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
addEdge(vet1, vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (
|
|
|
|
|
!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||
|
|
|
|
|
!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||
|
|
|
|
|
vet1 === vet2
|
|
|
|
|
) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.get(vet1).push(vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.get(vet2).push(vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
removeEdge(vet1, vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (
|
|
|
|
|
!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||
|
|
|
|
|
!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||
|
|
|
|
|
vet1 === vet2
|
|
|
|
|
) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.get(vet1).splice(this.adjList.get(vet1).indexOf(vet2), 1);
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.get(vet2).splice(this.adjList.get(vet2).indexOf(vet1), 1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (this.adjList.has(vet)) return;
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.set(vet, []);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
removeVertex(vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!this.adjList.has(vet)) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.delete(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
// 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
|
|
|
|
|
for (const set of this.adjList.values()) {
|
|
|
|
|
const index = set.indexOf(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
if (index > -1) {
|
|
|
|
|
set.splice(index, 1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接表 */
|
|
|
|
|
print() {
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('邻接表 =');
|
|
|
|
|
for (const [key, value] of this.adjList) {
|
|
|
|
|
const tmp = [];
|
|
|
|
|
for (const vertex of value) {
|
|
|
|
|
tmp.push(vertex.val);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(key.val + ': ' + tmp.join());
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "TS"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```typescript title="graph_adjacency_list.ts"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjList {
|
|
|
|
|
// 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
|
|
|
|
adjList: Map<Vertex, Vertex[]>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
|
|
|
constructor(edges: Vertex[][]) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList = new Map();
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加所有顶点和边
|
|
|
|
|
for (const edge of edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.addVertex(edge[0]);
|
|
|
|
|
this.addVertex(edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
this.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
size(): number {
|
|
|
|
|
return this.adjList.size;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
addEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {
|
|
|
|
|
if (
|
|
|
|
|
!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||
|
|
|
|
|
!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||
|
|
|
|
|
vet1 === vet2
|
|
|
|
|
) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.get(vet1).push(vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.get(vet2).push(vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
removeEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {
|
|
|
|
|
if (
|
|
|
|
|
!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||
|
|
|
|
|
!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||
|
|
|
|
|
vet1 === vet2
|
|
|
|
|
) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.get(vet1).splice(this.adjList.get(vet1).indexOf(vet2), 1);
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.get(vet2).splice(this.adjList.get(vet2).indexOf(vet1), 1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(vet: Vertex): void {
|
|
|
|
|
if (this.adjList.has(vet)) return;
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.set(vet, []);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
removeVertex(vet: Vertex): void {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!this.adjList.has(vet)) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
|
|
|
|
|
this.adjList.delete(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
// 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
|
|
|
|
|
for (const set of this.adjList.values()) {
|
|
|
|
|
const index: number = set.indexOf(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
if (index > -1) {
|
|
|
|
|
set.splice(index, 1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接表 */
|
|
|
|
|
print(): void {
|
|
|
|
|
console.log('邻接表 =');
|
|
|
|
|
for (const [key, value] of this.adjList.entries()) {
|
|
|
|
|
const tmp = [];
|
|
|
|
|
for (const vertex of value) {
|
|
|
|
|
tmp.push(vertex.val);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(key.val + ': ' + tmp.join());
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Dart"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```dart title="graph_adjacency_list.dart"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
class GraphAdjList {
|
|
|
|
|
// 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
|
|
|
|
Map<Vertex, List<Vertex>> adjList = {};
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
|
|
|
GraphAdjList(List<List<Vertex>> edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
for (List<Vertex> edge in edges) {
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(edge[0]);
|
|
|
|
|
addVertex(edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
int size() {
|
|
|
|
|
return adjList.length;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
void addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) ||
|
|
|
|
|
!adjList.containsKey(vet2) ||
|
|
|
|
|
vet1 == vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw ArgumentError;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet1]!.add(vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet2]!.add(vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
void removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) ||
|
|
|
|
|
!adjList.containsKey(vet2) ||
|
|
|
|
|
vet1 == vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw ArgumentError;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet1]!.remove(vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet2]!.remove(vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
void addVertex(Vertex vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (adjList.containsKey(vet)) return;
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
|
|
|
|
adjList[vet] = [];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
void removeVertex(Vertex vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (!adjList.containsKey(vet)) {
|
|
|
|
|
throw ArgumentError;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.remove(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
// 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.forEach((key, value) {
|
|
|
|
|
value.remove(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接表 */
|
|
|
|
|
void printAdjList() {
|
|
|
|
|
print("邻接表 =");
|
|
|
|
|
adjList.forEach((key, value) {
|
|
|
|
|
List<int> tmp = [];
|
|
|
|
|
for (Vertex vertex in value) {
|
|
|
|
|
tmp.add(vertex.val);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
print("${key.val}: $tmp,");
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Rust"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```rust title="graph_adjacency_list.rs"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类型 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub struct GraphAdjList {
|
|
|
|
|
// 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
|
|
|
|
|
pub adj_list: HashMap<Vertex, Vec<Vertex>>,
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
impl GraphAdjList {
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn new(edges: Vec<[Vertex; 2]>) -> Self {
|
|
|
|
|
let mut graph = GraphAdjList {
|
|
|
|
|
adj_list: HashMap::new(),
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加所有顶点和边
|
|
|
|
|
for edge in edges {
|
|
|
|
|
graph.add_vertex(edge[0]);
|
|
|
|
|
graph.add_vertex(edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
graph.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
graph
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取顶点数量 */
|
|
|
|
|
#[allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list.len()
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn add_edge(&mut self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
if !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet1) || !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet2) || vet1 == vet2
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
panic!("value error");
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list.get_mut(&vet1).unwrap().push(vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list.get_mut(&vet2).unwrap().push(vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
#[allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn remove_edge(&mut self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
if !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet1) || !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet2) || vet1 == vet2
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
panic!("value error");
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list
|
|
|
|
|
.get_mut(&vet1)
|
|
|
|
|
.unwrap()
|
|
|
|
|
.retain(|&vet| vet != vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list
|
|
|
|
|
.get_mut(&vet2)
|
|
|
|
|
.unwrap()
|
|
|
|
|
.retain(|&vet| vet != vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn add_vertex(&mut self, vet: Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
if self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list.insert(vet, vec![]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
#[allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn remove_vertex(&mut self, vet: Vertex) {
|
|
|
|
|
if !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
panic!("value error");
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
|
|
|
|
|
self.adj_list.remove(&vet);
|
|
|
|
|
// 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
|
|
|
|
|
for list in self.adj_list.values_mut() {
|
|
|
|
|
list.retain(|&v| v != vet);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印邻接表 */
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn print(&self) {
|
|
|
|
|
println!("邻接表 =");
|
|
|
|
|
for (vertex, list) in &self.adj_list {
|
|
|
|
|
let list = list.iter().map(|vertex| vertex.val).collect::<Vec<i32>>();
|
|
|
|
|
println!("{}: {:?},", vertex.val, list);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="graph_adjacency_list.c"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 节点结构体 */
|
|
|
|
|
typedef struct AdjListNode {
|
|
|
|
|
Vertex *vertex; // 顶点
|
|
|
|
|
struct AdjListNode *next; // 后继节点
|
|
|
|
|
} AdjListNode;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 查找顶点对应的节点 */
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *findNode(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (graph->heads[i]->vertex == vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
return graph->heads[i];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边辅助函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
void addEdgeHelper(AdjListNode *head, Vertex *vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *node = (AdjListNode *)malloc(sizeof(AdjListNode));
|
|
|
|
|
node->vertex = vet;
|
|
|
|
|
// 头插法
|
|
|
|
|
node->next = head->next;
|
|
|
|
|
head->next = node;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边辅助函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
void removeEdgeHelper(AdjListNode *head, Vertex *vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *pre = head;
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *cur = head->next;
|
|
|
|
|
// 在链表中搜索 vet 对应节点
|
|
|
|
|
while (cur != NULL && cur->vertex != vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
pre = cur;
|
|
|
|
|
cur = cur->next;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
if (cur == NULL)
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
// 将 vet 对应节点从链表中删除
|
|
|
|
|
pre->next = cur->next;
|
|
|
|
|
// 释放内存
|
|
|
|
|
free(cur);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 */
|
|
|
|
|
typedef struct {
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *heads[MAX_SIZE]; // 节点数组
|
|
|
|
|
int size; // 节点数量
|
|
|
|
|
} GraphAdjList;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 构造函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
GraphAdjList *newGraphAdjList() {
|
|
|
|
|
GraphAdjList *graph = (GraphAdjList *)malloc(sizeof(GraphAdjList));
|
|
|
|
|
if (!graph) {
|
|
|
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
graph->size = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
graph->heads[i] = NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return graph;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 析构函数 */
|
|
|
|
|
void delGraphAdjList(GraphAdjList *graph) {
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *cur = graph->heads[i];
|
|
|
|
|
while (cur != NULL) {
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *next = cur->next;
|
|
|
|
|
if (cur != graph->heads[i]) {
|
|
|
|
|
free(cur);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
cur = next;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
free(graph->heads[i]->vertex);
|
|
|
|
|
free(graph->heads[i]);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
free(graph);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 查找顶点对应的节点 */
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *findNode(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (graph->heads[i]->vertex == vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
return graph->heads[i];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加边 */
|
|
|
|
|
void addEdge(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *head1 = findNode(graph, vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *head2 = findNode(graph, vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
assert(head1 != NULL && head2 != NULL && head1 != head2);
|
|
|
|
|
// 添加边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
addEdgeHelper(head1, vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
addEdgeHelper(head2, vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除边 */
|
|
|
|
|
void removeEdge(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *head1 = findNode(graph, vet1);
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *head2 = findNode(graph, vet2);
|
|
|
|
|
assert(head1 != NULL && head2 != NULL);
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
|
|
|
|
|
removeEdgeHelper(head1, head2->vertex);
|
|
|
|
|
removeEdgeHelper(head2, head1->vertex);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 添加顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
void addVertex(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
assert(graph != NULL && graph->size < MAX_SIZE);
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *head = (AdjListNode *)malloc(sizeof(AdjListNode));
|
|
|
|
|
head->vertex = vet;
|
|
|
|
|
head->next = NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
|
|
|
|
|
graph->heads[graph->size++] = head;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 删除顶点 */
|
|
|
|
|
void removeVertex(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *node = findNode(graph, vet);
|
|
|
|
|
assert(node != NULL);
|
|
|
|
|
// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
|
|
|
|
|
AdjListNode *cur = node, *pre = NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
while (cur) {
|
|
|
|
|
pre = cur;
|
|
|
|
|
cur = cur->next;
|
|
|
|
|
free(pre);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
cur = graph->heads[i];
|
|
|
|
|
pre = NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
while (cur) {
|
|
|
|
|
pre = cur;
|
|
|
|
|
cur = cur->next;
|
|
|
|
|
if (cur && cur->vertex == vet) {
|
|
|
|
|
pre->next = cur->next;
|
|
|
|
|
free(cur);
|
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 将该顶点之后的顶点向前移动,以填补空缺
|
|
|
|
|
int i;
|
|
|
|
|
for (i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (graph->heads[i] == node)
|
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
for (int j = i; j < graph->size - 1; j++) {
|
|
|
|
|
graph->heads[j] = graph->heads[j + 1];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
graph->size--;
|
|
|
|
|
free(vet);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Zig"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```zig title="graph_adjacency_list.zig"
|
|
|
|
|
[class]{GraphAdjList}-[func]{}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 9.2.3 效率对比
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
设图中共有 $n$ 个顶点和 $m$ 条边,表 9-2 对比了邻接矩阵和邻接表的时间和空间效率。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p align="center"> 表 9-2 邻接矩阵与邻接表对比 </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="center-table" markdown>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | 邻接矩阵 | 邻接表(链表) | 邻接表(哈希表) |
|
|
|
|
|
| ------------ | -------- | -------------- | ---------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
| 判断是否邻接 | $O(1)$ | $O(m)$ | $O(1)$ |
|
|
|
|
|
| 添加边 | $O(1)$ | $O(1)$ | $O(1)$ |
|
|
|
|
|
| 删除边 | $O(1)$ | $O(m)$ | $O(1)$ |
|
|
|
|
|
| 添加顶点 | $O(n)$ | $O(1)$ | $O(1)$ |
|
|
|
|
|
| 删除顶点 | $O(n^2)$ | $O(n + m)$ | $O(n)$ |
|
|
|
|
|
| 内存空间占用 | $O(n^2)$ | $O(n + m)$ | $O(n + m)$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
观察表 9-2 ,似乎邻接表(哈希表)的时间与空间效率最优。但实际上,在邻接矩阵中操作边的效率更高,只需要一次数组访问或赋值操作即可。综合来看,邻接矩阵体现了“以空间换时间”的原则,而邻接表体现了“以时间换空间”的原则。
|