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hello-algo/codes/dart/chapter_dynamic_programming/coin_change.dart

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/**
* File: coin_change.dart
* Created Time: 2023-08-11
* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
*/
import 'dart:math';
/* 零钱兑换:动态规划 */
int coinChangeDP(List<int> coins, int amt) {
int n = coins.length;
int MAX = amt + 1;
// 初始化 dp 表
List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(amt + 1, 0));
// 状态转移:首行首列
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
dp[0][a] = MAX;
}
// 状态转移:其余行列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
if (coins[i - 1] > a) {
// 若超过背包容量,则不选硬币 i
dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];
} else {
// 不选和选硬币 i 这两种方案的较小值
dp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);
}
}
}
return dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;
}
/* 零钱兑换:状态压缩后的动态规划 */
int coinChangeDPComp(List<int> coins, int amt) {
int n = coins.length;
int MAX = amt + 1;
// 初始化 dp 表
List<int> dp = List.filled(amt + 1, MAX);
dp[0] = 0;
// 状态转移
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
if (coins[i - 1] > a) {
// 若超过背包容量,则不选硬币 i
dp[a] = dp[a];
} else {
// 不选和选硬币 i 这两种方案的较小值
dp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);
}
}
}
return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;
}
/* Driver Code */
void main() {
List<int> coins = [1, 2, 5];
int amt = 4;
// 动态规划
int res = coinChangeDP(coins, amt);
print("凑到目标金额所需的最少硬币数量为 $res");
// 状态压缩后的动态规划
res = coinChangeDPComp(coins, amt);
print("凑到目标金额所需的最少硬币数量为 $res");
}