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/**
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* File: hash_map_chaining.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-06-24
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* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 键值对 */
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class Pair {
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int key;
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String val;
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Pair(this.key, this.val);
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}
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/* 链式地址哈希表 */
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class HashMapChaining {
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late int size; // 键值对数量
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late int capacity; // 哈希表容量
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late double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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late int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
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late List<List<Pair>> buckets; // 桶数组
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/* 构造方法 */
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HashMapChaining() {
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size = 0;
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capacity = 4;
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loadThres = 2 / 3.0;
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extendRatio = 2;
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buckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) => []);
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}
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/* 哈希函数 */
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int hashFunc(int key) {
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return key % capacity;
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}
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/* 负载因子 */
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double loadFactor() {
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return size / capacity;
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}
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/* 查询操作 */
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String? get(int key) {
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];
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// 遍历桶,若找到 key 则返回对应 val
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for (Pair pair in bucket) {
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if (pair.key == key) {
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return pair.val;
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}
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}
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// 若未找到 key 则返回 null
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return null;
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}
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/* 添加操作 */
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void put(int key, String val) {
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// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
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if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
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extend();
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}
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];
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// 遍历桶,若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val 并返回
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for (Pair pair in bucket) {
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if (pair.key == key) {
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pair.val = val;
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return;
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}
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}
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// 若无该 key ,则将键值对添加至尾部
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Pair pair = Pair(key, val);
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bucket.add(pair);
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size++;
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}
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/* 删除操作 */
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void remove(int key) {
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];
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// 遍历桶,从中删除键值对
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for (Pair pair in bucket) {
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if (pair.key == key) {
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bucket.remove(pair);
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size--;
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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/* 扩容哈希表 */
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void extend() {
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// 暂存原哈希表
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List<List<Pair>> bucketsTmp = buckets;
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// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
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capacity *= extendRatio;
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buckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) => []);
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size = 0;
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// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
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for (List<Pair> bucket in bucketsTmp) {
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for (Pair pair in bucket) {
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put(pair.key, pair.val);
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}
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}
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}
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/* 打印哈希表 */
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void printHashMap() {
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for (List<Pair> bucket in buckets) {
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List<String> res = [];
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for (Pair pair in bucket) {
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res.add("${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}");
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}
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print(res);
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}
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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void main() {
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/* 初始化哈希表 */
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HashMapChaining map = HashMapChaining();
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/* 添加操作 */
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// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
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map.put(12836, "小哈");
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map.put(15937, "小啰");
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map.put(16750, "小算");
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map.put(13276, "小法");
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map.put(10583, "小鸭");
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print("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
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map.printHashMap();
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/* 查询操作 */
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// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
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String? name = map.get(13276);
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print("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 ${name}");
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/* 删除操作 */
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// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
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map.remove(12836);
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print("\n删除 12836 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
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map.printHashMap();
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}
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