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/**
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* File: avl_tree.cpp
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* Created Time: 2023-02-03
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* Author: what-is-me (whatisme@outlook.jp)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.hpp"
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/* AVL 树 */
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class AVLTree {
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public:
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TreeNode *root; // 根节点
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private:
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/* 更新节点高度 */
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void updateHeight(TreeNode *node) {
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// 节点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
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node->height = max(height(node->left), height(node->right)) + 1;
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}
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/* 右旋操作 */
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TreeNode *rightRotate(TreeNode *node) {
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TreeNode *child = node->left;
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TreeNode *grandChild = child->right;
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
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child->right = node;
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node->left = grandChild;
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// 更新节点高度
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updateHeight(node);
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updateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child;
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}
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/* 左旋操作 */
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TreeNode *leftRotate(TreeNode *node) {
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TreeNode *child = node->right;
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TreeNode *grandChild = child->left;
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
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child->left = node;
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node->right = grandChild;
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// 更新节点高度
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updateHeight(node);
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updateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child;
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}
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/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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TreeNode *rotate(TreeNode *node) {
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// 获取节点 node 的平衡因子
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int _balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node);
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// 左偏树
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if (_balanceFactor > 1) {
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if (balanceFactor(node->left) >= 0) {
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// 右旋
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return rightRotate(node);
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} else {
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// 先左旋后右旋
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node->left = leftRotate(node->left);
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return rightRotate(node);
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}
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}
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// 右偏树
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if (_balanceFactor < -1) {
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if (balanceFactor(node->right) <= 0) {
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// 左旋
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return leftRotate(node);
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} else {
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// 先右旋后左旋
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node->right = rightRotate(node->right);
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return leftRotate(node);
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}
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}
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// 平衡树,无须旋转,直接返回
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return node;
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}
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/* 递归插入节点(辅助方法) */
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TreeNode *insertHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {
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if (node == nullptr)
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return new TreeNode(val);
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/* 1. 查找插入位置并插入节点 */
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if (val < node->val)
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node->left = insertHelper(node->left, val);
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else if (val > node->val)
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node->right = insertHelper(node->right, val);
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else
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return node; // 重复节点不插入,直接返回
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updateHeight(node); // 更新节点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node);
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node;
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}
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/* 递归删除节点(辅助方法) */
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TreeNode *removeHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {
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if (node == nullptr)
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return nullptr;
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/* 1. 查找节点并删除 */
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if (val < node->val)
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node->left = removeHelper(node->left, val);
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else if (val > node->val)
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node->right = removeHelper(node->right, val);
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else {
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if (node->left == nullptr || node->right == nullptr) {
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TreeNode *child = node->left != nullptr ? node->left : node->right;
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// 子节点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
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if (child == nullptr) {
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delete node;
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return nullptr;
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}
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// 子节点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
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else {
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delete node;
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node = child;
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}
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} else {
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// 子节点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个节点删除,并用该节点替换当前节点
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TreeNode *temp = node->right;
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while (temp->left != nullptr) {
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temp = temp->left;
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}
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int tempVal = temp->val;
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node->right = removeHelper(node->right, temp->val);
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node->val = tempVal;
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}
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}
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updateHeight(node); // 更新节点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node);
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node;
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}
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public:
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/* 获取节点高度 */
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int height(TreeNode *node) {
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// 空节点高度为 -1 ,叶节点高度为 0
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return node == nullptr ? -1 : node->height;
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}
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/* 获取平衡因子 */
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int balanceFactor(TreeNode *node) {
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// 空节点平衡因子为 0
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if (node == nullptr)
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return 0;
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// 节点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
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return height(node->left) - height(node->right);
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}
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/* 插入节点 */
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void insert(int val) {
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root = insertHelper(root, val);
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}
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/* 删除节点 */
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void remove(int val) {
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root = removeHelper(root, val);
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}
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/* 查找节点 */
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TreeNode *search(int val) {
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TreeNode *cur = root;
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// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while (cur != nullptr) {
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// 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
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if (cur->val < val)
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cur = cur->right;
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// 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
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else if (cur->val > val)
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cur = cur->left;
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// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
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else
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break;
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}
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// 返回目标节点
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return cur;
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}
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/*构造方法*/
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AVLTree() : root(nullptr) {
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}
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/*析构方法*/
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~AVLTree() {
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freeMemoryTree(root);
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}
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};
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void testInsert(AVLTree &tree, int val) {
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tree.insert(val);
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cout << "\n插入节点 " << val << " 后,AVL 树为" << endl;
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printTree(tree.root);
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}
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void testRemove(AVLTree &tree, int val) {
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tree.remove(val);
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cout << "\n删除节点 " << val << " 后,AVL 树为" << endl;
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printTree(tree.root);
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
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AVLTree avlTree;
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/* 插入节点 */
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// 请关注插入节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testInsert(avlTree, 1);
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testInsert(avlTree, 2);
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testInsert(avlTree, 3);
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testInsert(avlTree, 4);
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testInsert(avlTree, 5);
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testInsert(avlTree, 8);
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testInsert(avlTree, 7);
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testInsert(avlTree, 9);
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testInsert(avlTree, 10);
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testInsert(avlTree, 6);
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/* 插入重复节点 */
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testInsert(avlTree, 7);
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/* 删除节点 */
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// 请关注删除节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testRemove(avlTree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的节点
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testRemove(avlTree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的节点
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testRemove(avlTree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的节点
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/* 查询节点 */
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TreeNode *node = avlTree.search(7);
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cout << "\n查找到的节点对象为 " << node << ",节点值 = " << node->val << endl;
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}
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