|
|
|
/**
|
|
|
|
* File: my_heap.cpp
|
|
|
|
* Created Time: 2023-02-04
|
|
|
|
* Author: LoneRanger (836253168@qq.com), what-is-me (whatisme@outlook.jp)
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#include "../include/include.hpp"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 大顶堆 */
|
|
|
|
class MaxHeap {
|
|
|
|
private:
|
|
|
|
// 使用动态数组,这样无需考虑扩容问题
|
|
|
|
vector<int> maxHeap;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取左子结点索引 */
|
|
|
|
int left(int i) {
|
|
|
|
return 2 * i + 1;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取右子结点索引 */
|
|
|
|
int right(int i) {
|
|
|
|
return 2 * i + 2;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取父结点索引 */
|
|
|
|
int parent(int i) {
|
|
|
|
return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下取整
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 从结点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
|
|
|
|
void siftUp(int i) {
|
|
|
|
while (true) {
|
|
|
|
// 获取结点 i 的父结点
|
|
|
|
int p = parent(i);
|
|
|
|
// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时,结束堆化
|
|
|
|
if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
// 交换两结点
|
|
|
|
swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]);
|
|
|
|
// 循环向上堆化
|
|
|
|
i = p;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 从结点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
|
|
|
|
void siftDown(int i) {
|
|
|
|
while (true) {
|
|
|
|
// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点,记为 ma
|
|
|
|
int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
|
|
|
|
// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无需继续堆化,跳出
|
|
|
|
if (l < size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])
|
|
|
|
ma = l;
|
|
|
|
if (r < size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])
|
|
|
|
ma = r;
|
|
|
|
// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无需继续堆化,跳出
|
|
|
|
if (ma == i)
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[ma]);
|
|
|
|
// 循环向下堆化
|
|
|
|
i = ma;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
public:
|
|
|
|
/* 构造方法,根据输入列表建堆 */
|
|
|
|
MaxHeap(vector<int> nums) {
|
|
|
|
// 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
|
|
|
|
maxHeap = nums;
|
|
|
|
// 堆化除叶结点以外的其他所有结点
|
|
|
|
for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
|
|
|
|
siftDown(i);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取堆大小 */
|
|
|
|
int size() {
|
|
|
|
return maxHeap.size();
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
|
|
|
|
bool empty() {
|
|
|
|
return size() == 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 访问堆顶元素 */
|
|
|
|
int peek() {
|
|
|
|
return maxHeap[0];
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 元素入堆 */
|
|
|
|
void push(int val) {
|
|
|
|
// 添加结点
|
|
|
|
maxHeap.push_back(val);
|
|
|
|
// 从底至顶堆化
|
|
|
|
siftUp(size() - 1);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 元素出堆 */
|
|
|
|
void poll() {
|
|
|
|
// 判空处理
|
|
|
|
if (empty()) {
|
|
|
|
cout << "Error:堆为空" << endl;
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// 交换根结点与最右叶结点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
|
|
|
|
swap(maxHeap[0], maxHeap[size() - 1]);
|
|
|
|
// 删除结点
|
|
|
|
maxHeap.pop_back();
|
|
|
|
// 从顶至底堆化
|
|
|
|
siftDown(0);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 打印堆(二叉树)*/
|
|
|
|
void print() {
|
|
|
|
cout << "堆的数组表示:";
|
|
|
|
PrintUtil::printVector(maxHeap);
|
|
|
|
cout << "堆的树状表示:" << endl;
|
|
|
|
TreeNode *root = vecToTree(maxHeap);
|
|
|
|
PrintUtil::printTree(root);
|
|
|
|
freeMemoryTree(root);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void testPush(MaxHeap maxHeap, int val) {
|
|
|
|
maxHeap.push(val);
|
|
|
|
cout << "\n添加元素 " << val << " 后" << endl;
|
|
|
|
maxHeap.print();
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void testPop(MaxHeap maxHeap) {
|
|
|
|
int val = maxHeap.peek();
|
|
|
|
maxHeap.poll();
|
|
|
|
cout << "\n出堆元素为 " << val << endl;
|
|
|
|
maxHeap.print();
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Driver Code */
|
|
|
|
int main() {
|
|
|
|
/* 初始化大顶堆 */
|
|
|
|
vector<int> vec{9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2};
|
|
|
|
MaxHeap maxheap(vec);
|
|
|
|
cout << "\n输入列表并建堆后" << endl;
|
|
|
|
maxheap.print();
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取堆顶元素 */
|
|
|
|
int peek = maxheap.peek();
|
|
|
|
cout << "\n堆顶元素为 " << peek << endl;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 元素入堆 */
|
|
|
|
int val = 7;
|
|
|
|
maxheap.push(val);
|
|
|
|
cout << "\n元素 " << val << " 入堆后" << endl;
|
|
|
|
maxheap.print();
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
|
|
|
|
peek = maxheap.peek();
|
|
|
|
maxheap.poll();
|
|
|
|
cout << "\n堆顶元素 " << peek << " 出堆后" << endl;
|
|
|
|
maxheap.print();
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取堆大小 */
|
|
|
|
int size = maxheap.size();
|
|
|
|
cout << "\n堆元素数量为 " << size << endl;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
|
|
|
|
bool isEmpty = maxheap.empty();
|
|
|
|
cout << "\n堆是否为空 " << isEmpty << endl;
|
|
|
|
}
|