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/**
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* File: recursion.swift
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* Created Time: 2023-09-02
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* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
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*/
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/* 遞迴 */
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func recur(n: Int) -> Int {
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// 終止條件
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if n == 1 {
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return 1
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}
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// 遞:遞迴呼叫
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let res = recur(n: n - 1)
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// 迴:返回結果
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return n + res
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}
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/* 使用迭代模擬遞迴 */
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func forLoopRecur(n: Int) -> Int {
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// 使用一個顯式的堆疊來模擬系統呼叫堆疊
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var stack: [Int] = []
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var res = 0
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// 遞:遞迴呼叫
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for i in (1 ... n).reversed() {
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// 透過“入堆疊操作”模擬“遞”
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stack.append(i)
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}
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// 迴:返回結果
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while !stack.isEmpty {
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// 透過“出堆疊操作”模擬“迴”
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res += stack.removeLast()
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}
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// res = 1+2+3+...+n
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return res
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}
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/* 尾遞迴 */
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func tailRecur(n: Int, res: Int) -> Int {
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// 終止條件
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if n == 0 {
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return res
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}
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// 尾遞迴呼叫
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return tailRecur(n: n - 1, res: res + n)
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}
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/* 費波那契數列:遞迴 */
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func fib(n: Int) -> Int {
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// 終止條件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
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if n == 1 || n == 2 {
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return n - 1
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}
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// 遞迴呼叫 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
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let res = fib(n: n - 1) + fib(n: n - 2)
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// 返回結果 f(n)
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return res
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}
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@main
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enum Recursion {
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/* Driver Code */
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static func main() {
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let n = 5
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var res = 0
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res = recursion.recur(n: n)
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print("\n遞迴函式的求和結果 res = \(res)")
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res = recursion.forLoopRecur(n: n)
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print("\n使用迭代模擬遞迴求和結果 res = \(res)")
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res = recursion.tailRecur(n: n, res: 0)
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print("\n尾遞迴函式的求和結果 res = \(res)")
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res = recursion.fib(n: n)
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print("\n費波那契數列的第 \(n) 項為 \(res)")
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}
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}
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