You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
hello-algo/index.html

1857 lines
112 KiB

9 months ago
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="no-js" lang="zh">
2 years ago
<head>
9 months ago
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
<meta content="动画图解、一键运行的数据结构与算法教程" name="description"/>
<meta content="krahets" name="author"/>
<link href="https://www.hello-algo.com/" rel="canonical"/>
<link href="assets/images/favicon.png" rel="icon"/>
<meta content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.5.5" name="generator"/>
<title>
Hello 算法
</title>
<link href="assets/stylesheets/main.50c56a3b.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link href="assets/stylesheets/palette.06af60db.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" rel="preconnect"/>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+SC:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CFira+Code:400,400i,700,700i&amp;display=fallback" rel="stylesheet"/>
<style>
:root{--md-text-font:"Noto Sans SC";--md-code-font:"Fira Code"}
</style>
<link href="stylesheets/extra.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<script>
__md_scope=new URL(".",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}
</script>
1 year ago
</head>
9 months ago
<body data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default" dir="ltr" style="background-color: var(--md-body-bg-color);">
<input autocomplete="off" class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" id="__drawer" type="checkbox"/>
<input autocomplete="off" class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" id="__search" type="checkbox"/>
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer">
</label>
2 years ago
<div data-md-component="skip">
</div>
9 months ago
<div data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-component="announce">
2 years ago
</div>
9 months ago
<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-component="header">
<nav aria-label="页眉" class="md-header__inner md-grid">
<a aria-label="Hello 算法" class="md-header__button md-logo" data-md-component="logo" href="." title="Hello 算法">
<img alt="logo" src="assets/images/logo.svg"/>
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
<div class="md-header__topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Hello 算法
</span>
</div>
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Home
</span>
</div>
</div>
2 years ago
</div>
1 year ago
<form class="md-header__option" data-md-component="palette">
9 months ago
<input aria-label="深色模式" class="md-option" data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default" id="__palette_0" name="__palette" type="radio"/>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__palette_1" hidden="" title="深色模式">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07 19.07 3.5m-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13.51 1.67m-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87.4 1.31M19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35-2.53-2.2m4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54-3.35.23m1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24-2.2 2.54M9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19-.24-3.34Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<input aria-label="浅色模式" class="md-option" data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" id="__palette_1" name="__palette" type="radio"/>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__palette_0" hidden="" title="浅色模式">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07 19.07 3.5m-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13.51 1.67m-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87.4 1.31M19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35-2.53-2.2m4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54-3.35.23m1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24-2.2 2.54M9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19-.24-3.34Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
</form>
<script>
var media,input,key,value,palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){"(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media&&(media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']"),palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent"));for([key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}
</script>
<div class="md-header__option">
<div class="md-select">
<button aria-label="选择当前语言" class="md-header__button md-icon">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m12.87 15.07-2.54-2.51.03-.03A17.52 17.52 0 0 0 14.07 6H17V4h-7V2H8v2H1v2h11.17C11.5 7.92 10.44 9.75 9 11.35 8.07 10.32 7.3 9.19 6.69 8h-2c.73 1.63 1.73 3.17 2.98 4.56l-5.09 5.02L4 19l5-5 3.11 3.11.76-2.04M18.5 10h-2L12 22h2l1.12-3h4.75L21 22h2l-4.5-12m-2.62 7 1.62-4.33L19.12 17h-3.24Z">
</path>
</svg>
</button>
<div class="md-select__inner">
<ul class="md-select__list">
<li class="md-select__item">
<a class="md-select__link" href="/" hreflang="zh">
中文
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-select__item">
<a class="md-select__link" href="/en/" hreflang="en">
English
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
2 years ago
</div>
</div>
9 months ago
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z" fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search">
</label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input aria-label="搜索" autocapitalize="off" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" class="md-search__input" data-md-component="search-query" name="query" placeholder="搜索" required="" spellcheck="false" type="text"/>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z" fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<nav aria-label="查找" class="md-search__options">
<a aria-label="分享" class="md-search__icon md-icon" data-clipboard="" data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" href="javascript:void(0)" tabindex="-1" title="分享">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7 0-.24-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91 1.61 0 2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08Z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
<button aria-label="清空当前内容" class="md-search__icon md-icon" tabindex="-1" title="清空当前内容" type="reset">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41Z">
</path>
</svg>
</button>
</nav>
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest">
</div>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix="">
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
正在初始化搜索引擎
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation">
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<a class="md-source" data-md-component="source" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="前往仓库">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
2 years ago
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
9 months ago
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate" style="height: min(100vh, 120vw); position: relative; margin-top:-2.4rem; padding: 0; overflow: hidden;">
<img alt="" class="hero-bg" src="assets/hero/universe_bg.png"/>
<div class="hero-div">
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/ground.png" style="position: absolute; width: auto; height: 26.445%; left: 28.211%; top: 54.145%;"/>
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/links.png" style="position: absolute; width: auto; height: 78.751%; left: 10.545%; top: 7.326%;"/>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_introduction/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/astronaut.png" style="height: 46.673%; left: 35.413%; top: 24.343%;"/>
<span style="left: 52.244%; top: 20.919%;">
初识算法
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_computational_complexity/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_computational_complexity.png" style="height: 12.347%; left: 36.267%; top: 37.653%;"/>
<span style="left: 39.244%; top: 33.919%;">
复杂度
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_array_and_linkedlist.png" style="height: 22.242%; left: 73.242%; top: 52.481%;"/>
<span style="left: 90.897%; top: 76.259%;">
数组与链表
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_stack_and_queue/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_stack_and_queue.png" style="height: 14.302%; left: 62.646%; top: 77.875%;"/>
<span style="left: 77.571%; top: 91.25%;">
栈与队列
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_hashing/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_hashing.png" style="height: 15.266%; left: 63.281%; top: 27.933%;"/>
<span style="left: 68.862%; top: 46.292%;">
哈希表
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_tree/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_tree.png" style="height: 19.615%; left: 80.137%; top: 26.678%;"/>
<span style="left: 96.159%; top: 44.8%;">
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_heap/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_heap.png" style="height: 10.566%; left: 77.226%; top: 11.559%;"/>
<span style="left: 88.103%; top: 15.422%;">
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_graph/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_graph.png" style="height: 16.112%; left: 51.854%; top: 5.575%;"/>
<span style="left: 71.195%; top: 6.503%;">
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_searching/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_searching.png" style="height: 15.149%; left: 18.185%; top: 16.404%;"/>
<span style="left: 14.556%; top: 20.876%;">
搜索
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_sorting/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_sorting.png" style="height: 9.574%; left: 25.409%; top: 40.747%;"/>
<span style="left: 28.805%; top: 53.808%;">
排序
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_divide_and_conquer/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_divide_and_conquer.png" style="height: 18.681%; left: 32.721%; top: 4.816%;"/>
<span style="left: 31.42%; top: 8.679%;">
分治
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_backtracking/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_backtracking.png" style="height: 17.338%; left: 4.875%; top: 32.925%;"/>
<span style="left: 4.742%; top: 50.113%;">
回溯
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_dynamic_programming/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_dynamic_programming.png" style="height: 15.47%; left: 9.406%; top: 57.472%;"/>
<span style="left: 8.561%; top: 75.351%;">
动态规划
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
10 months ago
<a href="/chapter_greedy/">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="assets/hero/chapter_greedy.png" style="height: 14.127%; left: 23.132%; top: 75.803%;"/>
<span style="left: 21.619%; top: 86.85%;">
贪心
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
9 months ago
<div class="heading-div">
<img alt="" src="https://readme-typing-svg.demolab.com/?font=Noto+Sans+SC&amp;weight=400&amp;duration=3500&amp;pause=2000&amp;color=FFF&amp;center=true&amp;vCenter=true&amp;random=false&amp;width=200&amp;lines=Hello%2C+%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95+!" style="height: min(9vh, 12vw);"/>
10 months ago
<div style="pointer-events: auto;">
10 months ago
<p style="margin-top: max(-1vh, -2vw); margin-bottom: min(2vh, 3.5vw);">
动画图解、一键运行的数据结构与算法教程
</p>
9 months ago
<a class="rounded-button" href="/chapter_preface/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M160 96a96 96 0 1 1 192 0A96 96 0 1 1 160 96zm80 152V512l-48.4-24.2c-20.9-10.4-43.5-17-66.8-19.3l-96-9.6C12.5 457.2 0 443.5 0 427V224c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H62.3c63.6 0 125.6 19.6 177.7 56zm32 264V248c52.1-36.4 114.1-56 177.7-56H480c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V427c0 16.4-12.5 30.2-28.8 31.8l-96 9.6c-23.2 2.3-45.9 8.9-66.8 19.3L272 512z">
</path>
10 months ago
</svg>
9 months ago
<span>
开始阅读
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
9 months ago
<a class="rounded-button" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3 .3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5 .3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9 .7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9 .3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3 .7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3 .3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6 .7 4.3-.7 .7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3 .7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3 .7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
10 months ago
</path>
</svg>
9 months ago
<span>
代码仓库
</span>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-top: min(2.5vh, 3.5vw);">
9 months ago
<svg fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)" height="2vh" viewbox="0 0 384 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M169.4 470.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L224 370.8 224 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 306.7L54.6 265.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l160 160z">
</path>
10 months ago
</svg>
</div>
</div>
10 months ago
</section>
9 months ago
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
10 months ago
<div class="section-content">
9 months ago
<img alt="Preview" src="index.assets/hello_algo_header.png" style="width: 100%; max-width: 39em;"/>
10 months ago
<div class="code-badge">
9 months ago
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-snow?logo=python&amp;logoColor=3776AB"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%2B%2B-snow?logo=c%2B%2B&amp;logoColor=00599C"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Java-snow?logo=coffeescript&amp;logoColor=FC4C02"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%23-snow?logo=csharp&amp;logoColor=512BD4"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-snow?logo=go&amp;logoColor=00ADD8"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Swift-snow?logo=swift&amp;logoColor=F05138"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/JavaScript-snow?logo=javascript&amp;logoColor=E9CE30"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/TypeScript-snow?logo=typescript&amp;logoColor=3178C6"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Dart-snow?logo=dart&amp;logoColor=0175C2"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Rust-snow?logo=rust&amp;logoColor=000000"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C-snow?logo=c&amp;logoColor=A8B9CC"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Zig-snow?logo=zig&amp;logoColor=F7A41D"/>
10 months ago
</div>
9 months ago
<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
500 幅动画图解、12 种编程语言代码、3000 条社区问答,助你快速入门数据结构与算法
</p>
10 months ago
</div>
</section>
9 months ago
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default">
10 months ago
<div class="section-content">
9 months ago
<div class="reading-media">
<div class="media-block">
8 months ago
<a href="/chapter_paperbook/">
<div style="height: 8.17%;">
</div>
<img alt="Cover" class="device-on-hover" src="assets/hero/cover_render.png" style="height: 66.83%;"/>
<div class="text-button">
<span>
获取纸质书
</span>
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
</a>
9 months ago
</div>
<div class="media-block">
<a href="/chapter_preface/">
9 months ago
<div style="height: 4.34%;">
</div>
<img alt="" class="device-on-hover" src="assets/hero/web_mac_iphone.png" style="height: 66.31%;"/>
<div style="height: 4.34%;">
</div>
9 months ago
<div class="text-button">
9 months ago
<span>
在线阅读
</span>
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
</path>
9 months ago
</svg>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="media-block">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/releases">
9 months ago
<img alt="" class="device-on-hover" src="assets/hero/pdf_ipad.png" style="height: 75%;"/>
9 months ago
<div class="text-button">
9 months ago
<span>
下载 PDF
</span>
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
</path>
9 months ago
</svg>
</div>
</a>
</div>
10 months ago
</div>
10 months ago
</div>
</section>
9 months ago
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
10 months ago
<div class="section-content">
9 months ago
<h3 style="text-align: center; margin: 1em auto;">
推荐语
</h3>
10 months ago
<div class="intro-container" style="margin: 0 auto;">
10 months ago
<div class="intro-text endor-text">
9 months ago
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">
“一本通俗易懂的数据结构与算法入门书,引导读者手脑并用地学习,强烈推荐算法初学者阅读。”
</p>
<p style="font-weight: bold;">
—— 邓俊辉,清华大学计算机系教授
</p>
10 months ago
</div>
10 months ago
<div class="intro-text endor-text">
9 months ago
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">
“如果我当年学数据结构与算法的时候有《Hello 算法》,学起来应该会简单 10 倍!”
</p>
<p style="font-weight: bold;">
—— 李沐,亚马逊资深首席科学家
</p>
10 months ago
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
9 months ago
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default">
10 months ago
<div class="section-content">
<div class="intro-container">
<div class="intro-text">
<div>
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
9 months ago
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M256 0H576c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V288c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H256c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64zM476 106.7C471.5 100 464 96 456 96s-15.5 4-20 10.7l-56 84L362.7 169c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h80 48H552c8.9 0 17-4.9 21.2-12.7s3.7-17.3-1.2-24.6l-96-144zM336 96a32 32 0 1 0 -64 0 32 32 0 1 0 64 0zM64 128h96V384v32c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32H320c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V384H512v64c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V192c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64zm8 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V208c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm0 104c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V312c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm0 104c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V416c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm336 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h16c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V416c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H424c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
</path>
10 months ago
</svg>
9 months ago
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
动画图解
</h3>
10 months ago
</div>
9 months ago
<p style="margin: 0;">
内容清晰易懂,学习曲线平滑
</p>
<p class="intro-quote">
9 months ago
"A picture is worth a thousand words."
<br/>
“一图胜千言”
9 months ago
</p>
10 months ago
</div>
</div>
9 months ago
<img alt="Animation example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/animation.gif"/>
10 months ago
</div>
<div class="intro-container">
9 months ago
<img alt="Running code example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/running_code.gif"/>
10 months ago
<div class="intro-text">
<div>
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
9 months ago
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L562.7 256l-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
</path>
10 months ago
</svg>
9 months ago
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
一键运行
</h3>
10 months ago
</div>
9 months ago
<p style="margin: 0;">
十余种编程语言,代码可视化运行
</p>
<p class="intro-quote">
9 months ago
"Talk is cheap. Show me the code."
<br/>
“少吹牛,看代码”
9 months ago
</p>
10 months ago
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="intro-container">
<div class="intro-text">
<div>
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
9 months ago
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M88.2 309.1c9.8-18.3 6.8-40.8-7.5-55.8C59.4 230.9 48 204 48 176c0-63.5 63.8-128 160-128s160 64.5 160 128s-63.8 128-160 128c-13.1 0-25.8-1.3-37.8-3.6c-10.4-2-21.2-.6-30.7 4.2c-4.1 2.1-8.3 4.1-12.6 6c-16 7.2-32.9 13.5-49.9 18c2.8-4.6 5.4-9.1 7.9-13.6c1.1-1.9 2.2-3.9 3.2-5.9zM0 176c0 41.8 17.2 80.1 45.9 110.3c-.9 1.7-1.9 3.5-2.8 5.1c-10.3 18.4-22.3 36.5-36.6 52.1c-6.6 7-8.3 17.2-4.6 25.9C5.8 378.3 14.4 384 24 384c43 0 86.5-13.3 122.7-29.7c4.8-2.2 9.6-4.5 14.2-6.8c15.1 3 30.9 4.5 47.1 4.5c114.9 0 208-78.8 208-176S322.9 0 208 0S0 78.8 0 176zM432 480c16.2 0 31.9-1.6 47.1-4.5c4.6 2.3 9.4 4.6 14.2 6.8C529.5 498.7 573 512 616 512c9.6 0 18.2-5.7 22-14.5c3.8-8.8 2-19-4.6-25.9c-14.2-15.6-26.2-33.7-36.6-52.1c-.9-1.7-1.9-3.4-2.8-5.1C622.8 384.1 640 345.8 640 304c0-94.4-87.9-171.5-198.2-175.8c4.1 15.2 6.2 31.2 6.2 47.8l0 .6c87.2 6.7 144 67.5 144 127.4c0 28-11.4 54.9-32.7 77.2c-14.3 15-17.3 37.6-7.5 55.8c1.1 2 2.2 4 3.2 5.9c2.5 4.5 5.2 9 7.9 13.6c-17-4.5-33.9-10.7-49.9-18c-4.3-1.9-8.5-3.9-12.6-6c-9.5-4.8-20.3-6.2-30.7-4.2c-12.1 2.4-24.7 3.6-37.8 3.6c-61.7 0-110-26.5-136.8-62.3c-16 5.4-32.8 9.4-50 11.8C279 439.8 350 480 432 480z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
</path>
10 months ago
</svg>
9 months ago
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
互助学习
</h3>
10 months ago
</div>
9 months ago
<p style="margin: 0;">
欢迎讨论与提问,读者间携手共进
</p>
<p class="intro-quote">
9 months ago
"Learning by teaching."
<br/>
“教学相长”
9 months ago
</p>
10 months ago
</div>
</div>
9 months ago
<img alt="Comments example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/comment.gif"/>
10 months ago
</div>
</div>
</section>
9 months ago
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
10 months ago
<div class="section-content" style="max-width: 90vw;">
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
9 months ago
<h3>
作者
</h3>
10 months ago
<div class="profile-div">
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets">
9 months ago
<img alt="Author: yudongjin" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_yudongjin.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
靳宇栋(@krahets
</b>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
9 months ago
<h3>
代码审阅者
</h3>
10 months ago
<div class="profile-div">
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/codingonion">
9 months ago
<img alt="Reviewer: codingonion" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_codingonion.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
codingonion
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Zig, Rust
</sub>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/Gonglja">
9 months ago
<img alt="Reviewer: Gonglja" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_Gonglja.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
Gonglja
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
C, C++
</sub>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/gvenusleo">
9 months ago
<img alt="Reviewer: gvenusleo" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_gvenusleo.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
gvenusleo
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Dart
</sub>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/hpstory">
9 months ago
<img alt="Reviewer: hpstory" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_hpstory.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
hpstory
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
C#
</sub>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/justin-tse">
9 months ago
<img alt="Reviewer: justin-tse" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_justin-tse.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
justin-tse
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
JS, TS
</sub>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets">
9 months ago
<img alt="Reviewer: krahets" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_krahets.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
krahets
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Python, Java
</sub>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/night-cruise">
9 months ago
<img alt="Reviewer: night-cruise" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_night-cruise.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
night-cruise
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Rust
</sub>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/nuomi1">
9 months ago
<img alt="Reviewer: nuomi1" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_nuomi1.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
nuomi1
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Swift
</sub>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/Reanon">
9 months ago
<img alt="Reviewer: Reanon" class="profile-img" src="assets/avatar/avatar_Reanon.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
Reanon
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Go, C
</sub>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
9 months ago
<h3>
贡献者
</h3>
<p>
本书在开源社区 140 多位贡献者的共同努力下不断完善,感谢他们付出的时间与精力!
</p>
10 months ago
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/graphs/contributors">
9 months ago
<img alt="Contributors" src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=krahets/hello-algo&amp;max=300&amp;columns=16" style="width: 100%; max-width: 38.5em;"/>
10 months ago
</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
9 months ago
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default">
10 months ago
<div class="section-content giscus-container">
9 months ago
<p>
欢迎在评论区留下你的见解、问题或建议
</p>
<script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" data-category="Announcements" data-category-id="DIC_kwDOIXtSq84CSZk_" data-emit-metadata="0" data-input-position="top" data-lang="zh-CN" data-mapping="pathname" data-reactions-enabled="1" data-repo="krahets/hello-algo" data-repo-id="R_kgDOIXtSqw" data-strict="1" data-theme="light" src="https://giscus.app/client.js">
10 months ago
</script>
</div>
</section>
9 months ago
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main" style="height: 0;">
2 years ago
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
9 months ago
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" hidden="">
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav aria-label="导航栏" class="md-nav md-nav--primary" data-md-level="0">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a aria-label="Hello 算法" class="md-nav__button md-logo" data-md-component="logo" href="." title="Hello 算法">
<img alt="logo" src="assets/images/logo.svg"/>
</a>
Hello 算法
</label>
<div class="md-nav__source">
<a class="md-source" data-md-component="source" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="前往仓库">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
2 years ago
</div>
9 months ago
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_1" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M21 4H3a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h18a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2M3 19V6h8v13H3m18 0h-8V6h8v13m-7-9.5h6V11h-6V9.5m0 2.5h6v1.5h-6V12m0 2.5h6V16h-6v-1.5Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 0 章   前言
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 0 章   前言
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/about_the_book/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.1   关于本书
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/suggestions/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.2   如何使用本书
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.3   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_2" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2m0 16H5V5h14v14M6.2 7.7h5v1.5h-5V7.7m6.8 8.1h5v1.5h-5v-1.5m0-2.6h5v1.5h-5v-1.5M8 18h1.5v-2h2v-1.5h-2v-2H8v2H6V16h2v2m6.1-7.1 1.4-1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1-1-1.4-1.4L18 7.1 16.9 6l-1.4 1.4L14.1 6 13 7.1l1.4 1.4L13 9.9l1.1 1Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 1 章   初识算法
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 1 章   初识算法
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.1   算法无处不在
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.2   算法是什么
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.3   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_3" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 2 章   复杂度分析
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 2 章   复杂度分析
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.1   算法效率评估
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.2   迭代与递归
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.3   时间复杂度
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.4   空间复杂度
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_4" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M11 13.5v8H3v-8h8m-2 2H5v4h4v-4M12 2l5.5 9h-11L12 2m0 3.86L10.08 9h3.84L12 5.86M17.5 13c2.5 0 4.5 2 4.5 4.5S20 22 17.5 22 13 20 13 17.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5m0 2a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 3 章   数据结构
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 3 章   数据结构
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.1   数据结构分类
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.2   基本数据类型
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.3   数字编码 *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.4   字符编码 *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_5" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M3 5v14h17V5H3m4 2v2H5V7h2m-2 6v-2h2v2H5m0 2h2v2H5v-2m13 2H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9V7h9v2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 4 章   数组与链表
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 4 章   数组与链表
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.1   数组
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.2   链表
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.3   列表
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.4   内存与缓存 *
</span>
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近添加">
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_6" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M17.36 20.2v-5.38h1.79V22H3v-7.18h1.8v5.38h12.56M6.77 14.32l.37-1.76 8.79 1.85-.37 1.76-8.79-1.85m1.16-4.21.76-1.61 8.14 3.78-.76 1.62-8.14-3.79m2.26-3.99 1.15-1.38 6.9 5.76-1.15 1.37-6.9-5.75m4.45-4.25L20 9.08l-1.44 1.07-5.36-7.21 1.44-1.07M6.59 18.41v-1.8h8.98v1.8H6.59Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 5 章   栈与队列
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 5 章   栈与队列
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1  
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.2   队列
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.3   双向队列
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.4   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_7" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 6 章   哈希表
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 6 章   哈希表
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_map/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.1   哈希表
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_collision/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.2   哈希冲突
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.3   哈希算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.4   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_8" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 7 章  
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 7 章  
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.1   二叉树
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.2   二叉树遍历
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.3   二叉树数组表示
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.4   二叉搜索树
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/avl_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.5   AVL 树 *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.6   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_9" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 8 章  
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 8 章  
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/heap/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.1  
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/build_heap/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.2   建堆操作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/top_k/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.3   Top-k 问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.4   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_10" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 9 章  
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 9 章  
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.1  
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph_operations/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.2   图基础操作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph_traversal/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.3   图的遍历
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.4   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_11" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 10 章   搜索
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 10 章   搜索
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.1   二分查找
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.2   二分查找插入点
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.3   二分查找边界
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.4   哈希优化策略
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.5   重识搜索算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.6   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_12" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 11 章   排序
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 11 章   排序
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.1   排序算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/selection_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.2   选择排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.3   冒泡排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.4   插入排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/quick_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.5   快速排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/merge_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.6   归并排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/heap_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.7   堆排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.8   桶排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/counting_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.9   计数排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/radix_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.10   基数排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.11   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_13" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M17 7v2h5V7h-5M2 9v6h5V9H2m10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3-3-3m5 2v2h5v-2h-5m0 4v2h5v-2h-5Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 12 章   分治
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 12 章   分治
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.1   分治算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.2   分治搜索策略
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.3   构建树问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.4   汉诺塔问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_14" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M18 15a3 3 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3 3 2.99 2.99 0 0 1-2.83-2H14v-2h1.17c.41-1.17 1.52-2 2.83-2m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m0-9a1.43 1.43 0 0 0 1.43-1.43 1.43 1.43 0 1 0-2.86 0A1.43 1.43 0 0 0 18 8m0-5.43a4 4 0 0 1 4 4C22 9.56 18 14 18 14s-4-4.44-4-7.43a4 4 0 0 1 4-4M8.83 17H10v2H8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 6 21a3 3 0 0 1-3-3c0-1.31.83-2.42 2-2.83V14h2v1.17c.85.3 1.53.98 1.83 1.83M6 17a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1M6 3a3 3 0 0 1 3 3c0 1.31-.83 2.42-2 2.83V10H5V8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 3 6a3 3 0 0 1 3-3m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m5 14v-2h2v2h-2m-4-6H5v-2h2v2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 13 章   回溯
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 13 章   回溯
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.1   回溯算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.2   全排列问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.3   子集和问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.4   N 皇后问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_15" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M22 15h-2v3c0 1.11-.89 2-2 2h-3v2l-3-3 3-3v2h3v-3h-2l3-3 3 3m0-11v4c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H10v10c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H4c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V4c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h16c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2M4 8h4V4H4v4m0 2v4h4v-4H4m4 10v-4H4v4h4m6-12V4h-4v4h4m6-4h-4v4h4V4Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 14 章   动态规划
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 14 章   动态规划
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.1   初探动态规划
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.2   DP 问题特性
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.3   DP 解题思路
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.4   0-1 背包问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.5   完全背包问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.6   编辑距离问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.7   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_16" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M13 3c3.88 0 7 3.14 7 7 0 2.8-1.63 5.19-4 6.31V21H9v-3H8c-1.11 0-2-.89-2-2v-3H4.5c-.42 0-.66-.5-.42-.81L6 9.66A7.003 7.003 0 0 1 13 3m0-2C8.41 1 4.61 4.42 4.06 8.9L2.5 11h-.03l-.02.03c-.55.76-.62 1.76-.19 2.59.36.69 1 1.17 1.74 1.32V16c0 1.85 1.28 3.42 3 3.87V23h11v-5.5c2.5-1.67 4-4.44 4-7.5 0-4.97-4.04-9-9-9m4 7.83c0 1.54-1.36 2.77-3.42 4.64L13 14l-.58-.53C10.36 11.6 9 10.37 9 8.83c0-1.2.96-2.19 2.16-2.2h.04c.69 0 1.35.31 1.8.83.45-.52 1.11-.83 1.8-.83 1.2-.01 2.2.96 2.2 2.16v.04Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 15 章   贪心
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 15 章   贪心
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.1   贪心算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.2   分数背包问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.3   最大容量问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.4   最大切分乘积问题
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.5   小结
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_17" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M11 18h2v-2h-2v2m1-16A10 10 0 0 0 2 12a10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 10-10A10 10 0 0 0 12 2m0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8m0-14a4 4 0 0 0-4 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 2-3 1.75-3 5h2c0-2.25 3-2.5 3-5a4 4 0 0 0-4-4Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 16 章   附录
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 16 章   附录
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/installation/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.1   编程环境安装
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/contribution/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.2   一起参与创作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/terminology/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.3   术语表
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_18" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_reference/">
8 months ago
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M9 3v15h3V3H9m3 2 4 13 3-1-4-13-3 1M5 5v13h3V5H5M3 19v2h18v-2H3Z">
</path>
</svg>
9 months ago
<span class="md-ellipsis">
参考文献
</span>
</a>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
参考文献
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
8 months ago
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_19" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_paperbook/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 448 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M96 0C43 0 0 43 0 96v320c0 53 43 96 96 96h320c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32v-64c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V32c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32H96zm0 384h256v64H96c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32zm32-240c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h192c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16H144c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16zm16 48h192c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16H144c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16s7.2-16 16-16z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8 months ago
纸质书
8 months ago
</span>
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近添加">
</span>
</a>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
8 months ago
纸质书
8 months ago
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
9 months ago
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
2 years ago
</div>
9 months ago
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" hidden="">
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav aria-label="目录" class="md-nav md-nav--secondary">
</nav>
2 years ago
</div>
</div>
9 months ago
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<nav aria-label="页脚" class="md-footer__inner md-grid">
</nav>
</article>
</div>
<script>
var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var tab,labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}
</script>
<script>
var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))
</script>
2 years ago
</div>
9 months ago
<button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden="" type="button">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z">
</path>
</svg>
回到页面顶部
</button>
2 years ago
</main>
9 months ago
<footer class="md-footer">
<div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
<div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-copyright">
<div class="md-copyright__highlight">
Copyright © 2022-2024 krahetsThe website content is licensed under
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-social">
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://github.com/krahets" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="github.com">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://twitter.com/krahets" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="twitter.com">
<svg viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://leetcode.cn/u/jyd/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="leetcode.cn">
<svg viewbox="0 0 640 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l89.3 89.4-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
2 years ago
</div>
<div class="md-dialog" data-md-component="dialog">
9 months ago
<div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset">
</div>
2 years ago
</div>
9 months ago
<script id="__config" type="application/json">
{"base": ".", "features": ["announce.dismiss", "content.action.edit", "content.code.annotate", "content.code.copy", "content.tabs.link", "content.tooltips", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top", "navigation.footer", "navigation.tracking", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "toc.follow"], "search": "assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u590d\u5236", "clipboard.copy": "\u590d\u5236", "search.result.more.one": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.more.other": "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.none": "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.other": "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5c11", "select.version": "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c"}}
</script>
<script src="assets/javascripts/bundle.c18c5fb9.min.js">
</script>
<script src="javascripts/mathjax.js">
</script>
<script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6">
</script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js">
</script>
1 year ago
</body>
2 years ago
</html>