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/**
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* File: avl_tree.c
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* Created Time: 2023-01-15
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* Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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*/
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#include "../include/include.h"
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/* AVL Tree */
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struct avlTree {
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TreeNode *root;
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};
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typedef struct avlTree avlTree;
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/* 构建 AVL 树 */
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avlTree *newAVLTree() {
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avlTree *tree = (avlTree *) malloc(sizeof(avlTree));
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tree->root = NULL;
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return tree;
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}
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int height(TreeNode *node) {
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// 空结点高度为 -1 ,叶结点高度为 0
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if (node != NULL) {
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return node->height;
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}
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return -1;
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}
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/* 更新结点高度 */
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int updateHeight(TreeNode *node) {
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int lh = height(node->left);
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int rh = height(node->right);
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// 结点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
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if (lh > rh) {
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node->height = lh + 1;
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} else {
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node->height = rh + 1;
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}
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}
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/* 获取平衡因子 */
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int balanceFactor(TreeNode *node) {
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// 空结点平衡因子为 0
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if (node == NULL) {
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return 0;
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}
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// 结点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
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return height(node->left) - height(node->right);
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}
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/* 右旋操作 */
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TreeNode *rightRotate(TreeNode *node) {
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TreeNode *child, *grandChild;
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child = node->left;
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grandChild = child->right;
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
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child->right = node;
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node->left = grandChild;
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// 更新结点高度
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updateHeight(node);
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updateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child;
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}
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/* 左旋操作 */
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TreeNode *leftRotate(TreeNode *node) {
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TreeNode *child, *grandChild;
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child = node->right;
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grandChild = child->left;
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
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child->left = node;
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node->right = grandChild;
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// 更新结点高度
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updateHeight(node);
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updateHeight(child);
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child;
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}
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/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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TreeNode *rotate(TreeNode *node) {
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// 获取结点 node 的平衡因子
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int bf = balanceFactor(node);
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// 左偏树
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if (bf > 1) {
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if (balanceFactor(node->left) >= 0) {
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// 右旋
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return rightRotate(node);
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} else {
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// 先左旋后右旋
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node->left = leftRotate(node->left);
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return rightRotate(node);
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}
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}
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// 右偏树
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if (bf < -1) {
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if (balanceFactor(node->right) <= 0) {
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// 左旋
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return leftRotate(node);
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} else {
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// 先右旋后左旋
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node->right = rightRotate(node->right);
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return leftRotate(node);
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}
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}
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// 平衡树,无需旋转,直接返回
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return node;
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}
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/* 递归插入结点(辅助函数) */
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TreeNode *insertHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {
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if (node == NULL) {
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return newTreeNode(val);
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}
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/* 1. 查找插入位置,并插入结点 */
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if (val < node->val) {
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node->left = insertHelper(node->left, val);
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} else if (val > node->val) {
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node->right = insertHelper(node->right, val);
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} else {
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// 重复结点不插入,直接返回
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return node;
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}
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// 更新结点高度
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updateHeight(node);
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node);
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node;
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}
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/* 插入结点 */
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TreeNode *insert(avlTree *tree, int val) {
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tree->root = insertHelper(tree->root, val);
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return tree->root;
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}
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/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
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TreeNode *getInOrderNext(TreeNode *node) {
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if (node == NULL) {
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return node;
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}
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// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
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while (node->left != NULL) {
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node = node->left;
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}
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return node;
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}
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/* 递归删除结点(辅助函数) */
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TreeNode *removeHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {
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TreeNode *child, *grandChild, *temp;
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if (node == NULL) {
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return NULL;
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}
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/* 1. 查找结点,并删除之 */
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if (val < node->val) {
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node->left = removeHelper(node->left, val);
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} else if (val > node->val) {
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node->right = removeHelper(node->right, val);
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} else {
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if (node->left == NULL || node->right == NULL) {
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child = node->left;
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if (node->right != NULL) {
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child = node->right;
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}
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// 子结点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
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if (child == NULL) {
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return NULL;
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} else {
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// 子结点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
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node = child;
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}
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} else {
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// 子结点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个结点删除,并用该结点替换当前结点
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temp = getInOrderNext(node->right);
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node->right = removeHelper(node->right, temp->val);
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node->val = temp->val;
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}
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}
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// 更新结点高度
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updateHeight(node);
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node);
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node;
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}
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/* 删除结点 */
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TreeNode *removeNode(avlTree *tree, int val) {
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TreeNode *root = removeHelper(tree->root, val);
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return root;
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}
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/* 查找结点 */
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TreeNode *search(avlTree *tree, int val) {
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TreeNode *cur = tree->root;
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// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
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while (cur != NULL) {
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// 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
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if (cur->val < val) {
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cur = cur->right;
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} else if (cur->val > val) {
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// 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
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cur = cur->left;
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} else {
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// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
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break;
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}
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}
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// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
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return cur;
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}
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void testInsert(avlTree *tree, int val) {
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insert(tree, val);
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printf("\n插入结点 %d 后,AVL 树为 \n", val);
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printTree(tree->root);
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}
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void testRemove(avlTree *tree, int val) {
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removeNode(tree, val);
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printf("\n删除结点 %d 后,AVL 树为 \n", val);
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printTree(tree->root);
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
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avlTree *tree = (avlTree *) newAVLTree();
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/* 插入结点 */
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// 请关注插入结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testInsert(tree, 1);
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testInsert(tree, 2);
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testInsert(tree, 3);
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testInsert(tree, 4);
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testInsert(tree, 5);
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testInsert(tree, 8);
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testInsert(tree, 7);
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testInsert(tree, 9);
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testInsert(tree, 10);
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testInsert(tree, 6);
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/* 插入重复结点 */
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testInsert(tree, 7);
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/* 删除结点 */
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// 请关注删除结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testRemove(tree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的结点
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testRemove(tree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的结点
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testRemove(tree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的结点
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/* 查询结点 */
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TreeNode *node = search(tree, 7);
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printf("\n查找到的结点对象结点值 = %d \n", node->val);
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}
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