Add the section of subset sum problem. (#558)
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/**
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* File: subset_sum_i.cpp
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* Created Time: 2023-06-21
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* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.hpp"
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/* 回溯算法:子集和 I */
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void backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, vector<int> &choices, int start, vector<vector<int>> &res) {
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// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
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if (target == 0) {
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res.push_back(state);
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return;
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}
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// 遍历所有选择
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// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
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for (int i = start; i < choices.size(); i++) {
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// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
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// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
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if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
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break;
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}
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// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
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state.push_back(choices[i]);
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// 进行下一轮选择
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backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);
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// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
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state.pop_back();
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}
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}
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/* 求解子集和 I */
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vector<vector<int>> subsetSumI(vector<int> &nums, int target) {
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vector<int> state; // 状态(子集)
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sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // 对 nums 进行排序
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int start = 0; // 遍历起始点
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vector<vector<int>> res; // 结果列表(子集列表)
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backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
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return res;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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vector<int> nums = {3, 4, 5};
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int target = 9;
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vector<vector<int>> res = subsetSumI(nums, target);
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cout << "输入数组 nums = ";
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printVector(nums);
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cout << "target = " << target << endl;
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cout << "所有和等于 " << target << " 的子集 res = " << endl;
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printVectorMatrix(res);
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return 0;
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}
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/**
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* File: subset_sum_ii.cpp
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* Created Time: 2023-06-21
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* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.hpp"
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/* 回溯算法:子集和 II */
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void backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, vector<int> &choices, int start, vector<vector<int>> &res) {
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// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
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if (target == 0) {
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res.push_back(state);
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return;
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}
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// 遍历所有选择
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// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
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// 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素
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for (int i = start; i < choices.size(); i++) {
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// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
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// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
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if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
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break;
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}
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// 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过
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if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {
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continue;
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}
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// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
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state.push_back(choices[i]);
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// 进行下一轮选择
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backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);
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// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
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state.pop_back();
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}
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}
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/* 求解子集和 II */
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vector<vector<int>> subsetSumII(vector<int> &nums, int target) {
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vector<int> state; // 状态(子集)
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sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // 对 nums 进行排序
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int start = 0; // 遍历起始点
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vector<vector<int>> res; // 结果列表(子集列表)
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backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
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return res;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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vector<int> nums = {4, 4, 5};
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int target = 9;
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vector<vector<int>> res = subsetSumII(nums, target);
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cout << "输入数组 nums = ";
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printVector(nums);
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cout << "target = " << target << endl;
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cout << "所有和等于 " << target << " 的子集 res = " << endl;
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printVectorMatrix(res);
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return 0;
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
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/**
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* File: subset_sum_i.java
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* Created Time: 2023-06-21
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* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_backtracking;
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import java.util.*;
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public class subset_sum_i {
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/* 回溯算法:子集和 I */
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static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {
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// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
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if (target == 0) {
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res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));
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return;
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}
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// 遍历所有选择
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// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
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for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {
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// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
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// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
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if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
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break;
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}
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// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
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state.add(choices[i]);
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// 进行下一轮选择
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backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);
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// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
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state.remove(state.size() - 1);
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}
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}
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/* 求解子集和 I */
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static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {
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List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 状态(子集)
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Arrays.sort(nums); // 对 nums 进行排序
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int start = 0; // 遍历起始点
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List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 结果列表(子集列表)
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backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
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return res;
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int[] nums = { 3, 4, 5 };
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int target = 9;
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List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumI(nums, target);
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System.out.println("输入数组 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target);
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System.out.println("所有和等于 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res);
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}
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
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/**
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* File: subset_sum_ii.java
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* Created Time: 2023-06-21
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* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_backtracking;
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import java.util.*;
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public class subset_sum_ii {
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/* 回溯算法:子集和 II */
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static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {
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// 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
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if (target == 0) {
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res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));
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return;
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}
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// 遍历所有选择
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// 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
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// 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素
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for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {
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// 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
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// 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
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if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
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break;
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}
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// 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过
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if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {
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continue;
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}
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// 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
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state.add(choices[i]);
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// 进行下一轮选择
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backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);
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// 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
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state.remove(state.size() - 1);
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}
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}
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/* 求解子集和 II */
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static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {
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List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 状态(子集)
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Arrays.sort(nums); // 对 nums 进行排序
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int start = 0; // 遍历起始点
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List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 结果列表(子集列表)
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backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
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return res;
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int[] nums = { 4, 4, 5 };
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int target = 9;
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List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumII(nums, target);
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System.out.println("输入数组 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target);
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System.out.println("所有和等于 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res);
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}
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
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"""
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File: subset_sum_i.py
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Created Time: 2023-06-17
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Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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"""
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def backtrack(
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state: list[int], target: int, choices: list[int], start: int, res: list[list[int]]
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):
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"""回溯算法:子集和 I"""
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# 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
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if target == 0:
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res.append(list(state))
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return
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# 遍历所有选择
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# 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
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for i in range(start, len(choices)):
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# 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
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# 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
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if target - choices[i] < 0:
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break
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# 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
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state.append(choices[i])
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# 进行下一轮选择
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backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res)
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# 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
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state.pop()
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def subset_sum_i(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[list[int]]:
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"""求解子集和 I"""
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state = [] # 状态(子集)
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nums.sort() # 对 nums 进行排序
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start = 0 # 遍历起始点
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res = [] # 结果列表(子集列表)
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backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res)
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return res
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"""Driver Code"""
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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nums = [3, 4, 5]
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target = 9
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res = subset_sum_i(nums, target)
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print(f"输入数组 nums = {nums}, target = {target}")
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print(f"所有和等于 {target} 的子集 res = {res}")
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"""
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File: subset_sum_ii.py
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Created Time: 2023-06-17
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Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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"""
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def backtrack(
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state: list[int], target: int, choices: list[int], start: int, res: list[list[int]]
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):
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"""回溯算法:子集和 II"""
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# 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
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if target == 0:
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res.append(list(state))
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return
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# 遍历所有选择
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# 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
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# 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素
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for i in range(start, len(choices)):
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# 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
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# 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
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if target - choices[i] < 0:
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break
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# 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过
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if i > start and choices[i] == choices[i - 1]:
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continue
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# 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
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state.append(choices[i])
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# 进行下一轮选择
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backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res)
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# 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
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state.pop()
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def subset_sum_ii(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[list[int]]:
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"""求解子集和 II"""
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state = [] # 状态(子集)
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nums.sort() # 对 nums 进行排序
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start = 0 # 遍历起始点
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res = [] # 结果列表(子集列表)
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backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res)
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return res
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"""Driver Code"""
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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nums = [4, 4, 5]
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target = 9
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res = subset_sum_ii(nums, target)
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print(f"输入数组 nums = {nums}, target = {target}")
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print(f"所有和等于 {target} 的子集 res = {res}")
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 122 KiB |
After Width: | Height: | Size: 64 KiB |
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